بررسی شرایط اکولوژیک بسترهای گلی با استفاده از جوامع ماکروبنتوز در منطقه سجافی خلیج فارس
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستمحمد صادق صبا 1 , سید محمدباقر نبوی 2 , ابراهیم رجبزاده قطرمی 3 , غلامرضا سبزقبایی 4 , سولماز دشتی 5 , صغری رستمی 6
1 - رییس اداره محیط زیست دریایی، اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست خوزستان * (مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشیارگروه بیولوژی دریا، دانشکده علوم دریایی و اقیانوسی، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه شیلات، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دریا، دانشگاه علوم و فنون دریایی خرمشهر، خرمشهر، ایران
4 - استادیارگروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتمالانبیاء بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران
5 - استادیارگروه محیط زیست، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
6 - رییس اداره امور آزمایشگاه ها، اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست خوزستان
کلید واژه: ماکروبنتوز, شاخص زیستی, بستر گلی, منطقه سجافی, خلیج فارس,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پهنه های آبی، قسمت اعظم سطح کره زمین را پوشانده اند و بسترشان نیز زیستگاهی بسیار متنوع را برای آبزیان فراهم می نمایند. از آن جا که جوامع بنتوزی تیپ خاصی از بستر را به عنوان زیستگاه خود انتخاب می کنند، مطالعه رسوبات بستر و موجودات زیست کننده در آن ها می تواند ما را در ارزیابی های زیست محیطی یاری دهد. این تحقیق به منظور بررسی شرایط اکولوژیک بسترهای گلی با استفاده از جوامع ماکروبنتوز در منطقه سجافی خلیج فارس انجام گردید. روش بررسی: نمونه برداری از منطقه مورد مطالعه در پاییز سال 1388 و با 3 تکرار در هر ایستگاه جهت آنالیز دانه بندی و تعیین درصد مواد آلی رسوبات انجام شد و شناسایی موجودات ماکروبنتوز و سنجش عوامل فیزیکی شیمیایی با استفاده از نمونه بردار گرب و دستگاه Hach-HQ40d صورت گرفت. شاخص های تنوع شانون_ وینر و سیمپسون، یکنواختی کامارگو و غنای مارگالف و منهینک محاسبه و جهت بررسی توزیع داده ها از آزمون ناپارامتریک کولموگروف- اسمیرنف، جهت مقایسه و بررسی روابط بین شاخص های تنوع و تراکم، عوامل فیزیکی شیمیایی و پارامترهای رسوب از آزمون آنالیز واریانس یکطرفه و آزمون همبستگی اسپیرمن و جهت ارزیابی آلودگی محیطی نیز از الگوی ولچ استفاده شد. یافته ها: در مجموع 8 گروه از موجودات کف زی مشتمل بر 81 گونه شناسایی شدند که گروه های غالب ماکروبنتوزی به ترتیب شامل شکم پایان با 03/43%، پرتاران با 31/29% و دو کفه ای ها با 53/20% بودند. بیش ترین مقادیرتنوع شانون در ایستگاه 11 با مقدار 523/4 تعیین شد. هم چنین بیش ترین مقادیر شاخص های تنوع و غالبیت سیمپسون، یکنواختی کامارگو، غنای مارگالف و منهینک به ترتیب 948/0، 158/0، 828/0، 830/5 و830/2 محاسبه شد. بیش ترین و کم ترین میزان فراوانی به ترتیب 4920 و 560 عدد ماکروبنتوز در مترمربع در ایستگاه های 10 و 17 ثبت گردید. بحث و نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج به دست آمده از شاخص های اندازه گیری شده در این مطالعه که همگی مؤید بالا بودن تنوع گونه ای ماکروبنتوزها در بسترهای گلی منطقه سجافی می باشد، می توان به این نتیجه رسید که منطقه مورد مطالعه از پتانسیل بالای زیست محیطی در زمینه حفظ غنای ذخایر بی مهرگان بنتیک برخوردار است.
Background and Objective: The majority of the Earth's surface is covered by water bodies whose beds provide very diverse habitats for aquatic. Since benthos communities choose particular type of bed as their habitat, study of sediments and organisms in the substrate environment can help the environmental assessments. This study was performed to assess the ecological condition of the muddy substrates using macrobenthos communities in Sajafi region of the Persian Gulf. Method: Sampling was done in fall 2009 at 20 stations with 3 replicates at each station to determine organic matter and grain size of the sediments. Measurement of water chemical and physical factors and identification of macrobenthoses were carried out using Hach-HQ40d and Grab devices. Diversity indices of Shannon - Wiener, Simpson, Camargo uniformity, Margalef and Menhink species richness were calculated. Nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the distribution of the data, the oneway ANOVA and Spearman correlation tests were used to compare and evaluate the relationships among diversity and density indices, chemical and physical factors and sediment parameters, and Welch pattern was used for assessing the environmental pollution. Findings: Totally 8 groups of Benthos comprising 81 species were identified. The most frequency percent belonged to Gastropoda with 43.03%, Polychaeta with 29.31 % and Bivalvia with 20.53%, respectively. The highest value of Shannon index at station 11 was 4.523. The highest values of diversity and dominance of Simpson, Camargo evenness, and Margalef and Menhink richness indices were 0.948, 0.158, 0.828, 5.830 and 2.830 respectively. The maximum and minimum values of frequency were 4920 and 560 macrobenthos per square meter, at Stations 10 and 17 respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results of the measured indices, which confirmed the high diversity of macrobenthos in the muddy bed of Sajafi area, it can be concluded that the study area has a high potential to preserve the environmental richness of benthic invertebrates.
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- Gray, J. S., Elliot, M,. 1981., The ecology of marine sediment., Cambridge university press., London
- Tabatabai, T. Amiri, F. and Pazira. 2009. Monitoring the structure and diversity of macrobenthic communities as indicators of pollutants in Musa and Ghannam stuaries, Fisheries Magazine, 3(4).
- 4. Soleimani. A., Kamrani. A., Keshavarz. M., Wazirizadeh.A. and Bahremand, M., 2012. Ecological Review of the Macrobenthos of Khuore Gabrik (Oman Sea) Protected Area, Journal of Oceanography, 2(7).
- M. Z. Azrina, C. K. Yap, A. Rahim Ismail, A. Ismail, S. G. Tan, 2005., Anthropogenic impacts on the distribution and biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality of the Langat River, Peninsular Malaysia., Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2006 July; 64(3): 337–347
- Silva, R.F., Rosa Filho, J.S., Souza, S.R. and Souza Filho, P.W., 2011. Spatial and temporal changes in the structure of soft-bottom benthic communities in an Amazon estuary, Caeté estuary, Pará, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 440-444. Szczecin,
- Nabavi, S, M, B, 2000, Investigation of Macrobenthos of Mahshahr stuaries, with emphasis on their role in aquaculture fishery nutrition, PhD dissertation (Sea Biology), Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch.
- Holme, N.A.; and Mcintyre, A.D: 1984. Methods for study of marine benthos, Second Edition, Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publication. 387 p.
- Buchanan, J. B., 1984, Sediment analysis In: Methods for the study of marine benthos, Black Well Scientific publication, Oxford.
- El-Wakeel, S. K., J. P. Riley., 1956. The determination of organic carbon in marine muds. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Marine, 22, 180-183.
- Welch. E.B., 1992. Ecological effect & waste water- 2nd edition. Chapman & Hall. 425P.
- Shanon, C.E., & Weaver, W., 1949. The mathematical Theory of communication, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol.27, PP.379-423.
- Morovati, H., 2008. Investigation of marine invertebrates biological diversity and Ecology in coastal waters of Sjaafi and Bahrakan, Khuzestan Environmental Protection Agency, p. 111.
- Simpson, E.H., 1949, Measurement of diversity, Nature. Lond, PP.163-688.
- Neira, C., Hopner, T., Rackemann, N., 1998. Annual Course of Sediment Parameters and Meiofauna on a Sandy Tidal Flat in the Wadden Sea after the Severe Winter of 1995.96, German Journal of Hydrography, 50(4).
- Shakouri, A., 1998. Investigating the Structure of Polychates communities in Mahshahr Area stuaries, Graduate Student, Shahid Chamran University, Faculty of Marine and Ocean Sciences.
- Parsamanesh, A., Najafpour, N., Khodadadi, M., Davoudi F. and Sabzalizadeh. S., 1994. Preliminary Hydrological Study of Khuzestan Province stuaries , Iranian Fisheries Research Institute, p. 67.
- Nabavi, S.M.B., Savari, A. and Sakhaei, N., 1993. A Plan for Bentonic Studies in the Persian Gulf (Khuzestan Province), Faculty of Marine and Ocean Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
- Valavi, H., 1998. Ecological survey and identification of the species of polychaets of the tidal zone of the coasts of Bushehr province, Master's thesis, Faculty of Marine and Oceanic Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
- Nikuoeian, A., 1998. Investigation of distribution, diversity and primary and secondary production of benthic invertebrates (Macrobenthos) in Chabahar Bay, Ph.D., Biology Researcher, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, p. 195.
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- Andrew, S.Y. et al., 1996. Macrofauna: polychaetes, mollusks & Crustacean. In: Methods of the examination of organismal diversity in soil & sediment. Edited by Hall, G.S. UNESCO University Press., Cambridge
- Harkantra, S.N., Rodrigues C.L., Parulekar A., 1982. Macrobenthos of the shelf off north eastern Bay of Bengal., Indian Journal Marine. Science, 11: 115-121.
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- Graeme C. Hays., Anthony J. Richardson., Carol Robinson., 2005.,Climate change and marine plankton., Trends in ecology and Evolution, vol. 20, pp. 337-344.
- Gray, J. S., Elliot, M,. 1981., The ecology of marine sediment., Cambridge university press., London
- Tabatabai, T. Amiri, F. and Pazira. 2009. Monitoring the structure and diversity of macrobenthic communities as indicators of pollutants in Musa and Ghannam stuaries, Fisheries Magazine, 3(4).
- 4. Soleimani. A., Kamrani. A., Keshavarz. M., Wazirizadeh.A. and Bahremand, M., 2012. Ecological Review of the Macrobenthos of Khuore Gabrik (Oman Sea) Protected Area, Journal of Oceanography, 2(7).
- M. Z. Azrina, C. K. Yap, A. Rahim Ismail, A. Ismail, S. G. Tan, 2005., Anthropogenic impacts on the distribution and biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality of the Langat River, Peninsular Malaysia., Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2006 July; 64(3): 337–347
- Silva, R.F., Rosa Filho, J.S., Souza, S.R. and Souza Filho, P.W., 2011. Spatial and temporal changes in the structure of soft-bottom benthic communities in an Amazon estuary, Caeté estuary, Pará, Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research, SI 64 (Proceedings of the 11th International Coastal Symposium), 440-444. Szczecin,
- Nabavi, S, M, B, 2000, Investigation of Macrobenthos of Mahshahr stuaries, with emphasis on their role in aquaculture fishery nutrition, PhD dissertation (Sea Biology), Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch.
- Holme, N.A.; and Mcintyre, A.D: 1984. Methods for study of marine benthos, Second Edition, Oxford Blackwell Scientific Publication. 387 p.
- Buchanan, J. B., 1984, Sediment analysis In: Methods for the study of marine benthos, Black Well Scientific publication, Oxford.
- El-Wakeel, S. K., J. P. Riley., 1956. The determination of organic carbon in marine muds. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Marine, 22, 180-183.
- Welch. E.B., 1992. Ecological effect & waste water- 2nd edition. Chapman & Hall. 425P.
- Shanon, C.E., & Weaver, W., 1949. The mathematical Theory of communication, Bell System Technical Journal, Vol.27, PP.379-423.
- Morovati, H., 2008. Investigation of marine invertebrates biological diversity and Ecology in coastal waters of Sjaafi and Bahrakan, Khuzestan Environmental Protection Agency, p. 111.
- Simpson, E.H., 1949, Measurement of diversity, Nature. Lond, PP.163-688.
- Neira, C., Hopner, T., Rackemann, N., 1998. Annual Course of Sediment Parameters and Meiofauna on a Sandy Tidal Flat in the Wadden Sea after the Severe Winter of 1995.96, German Journal of Hydrography, 50(4).
- Shakouri, A., 1998. Investigating the Structure of Polychates communities in Mahshahr Area stuaries, Graduate Student, Shahid Chamran University, Faculty of Marine and Ocean Sciences.
- Parsamanesh, A., Najafpour, N., Khodadadi, M., Davoudi F. and Sabzalizadeh. S., 1994. Preliminary Hydrological Study of Khuzestan Province stuaries , Iranian Fisheries Research Institute, p. 67.
- Nabavi, S.M.B., Savari, A. and Sakhaei, N., 1993. A Plan for Bentonic Studies in the Persian Gulf (Khuzestan Province), Faculty of Marine and Ocean Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
- Valavi, H., 1998. Ecological survey and identification of the species of polychaets of the tidal zone of the coasts of Bushehr province, Master's thesis, Faculty of Marine and Oceanic Sciences, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
- Nikuoeian, A., 1998. Investigation of distribution, diversity and primary and secondary production of benthic invertebrates (Macrobenthos) in Chabahar Bay, Ph.D., Biology Researcher, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Unit, p. 195.
- Nabavi, S.M. B., 1999. Evaluation of Human Impact on the Structure of Macrobenthic Communities of Khuore musa, National Conference of the National Oceanographic Center.
- Andrew, S.Y. et al., 1996. Macrofauna: polychaetes, mollusks & Crustacean. In: Methods of the examination of organismal diversity in soil & sediment. Edited by Hall, G.S. UNESCO University Press., Cambridge
- Harkantra, S.N., Rodrigues C.L., Parulekar A., 1982. Macrobenthos of the shelf off north eastern Bay of Bengal., Indian Journal Marine. Science, 11: 115-121.