تعیین زاویه تمایل بهینه برای روشنایی طبیعی آتریوم در تهران بر اساس زوایای خورشید و ویژگی‌های اقلیمی
محورهای موضوعی :
معماری و شهرسازی
علیرضا باقری
1
,
محمدعلی خانمحمدی
2
,
هانیه صنایعیان
3
1 - دانشجوی ارشد مهندسی معماری دانشگاه علم و صنعت تهران.
2 - دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت تهران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت تهران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1400/07/18
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/11/15
تاریخ انتشار : 1402/07/01
کلید واژه:
روشنایی طبیعی,
خیرگی,
مصرف انرژی,
آتریوم,
شبیه سازی رایانه‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: نور روز تاثیر مثبتی بر سلامتی افراد، بهره‌وری کارمندان و ارزندگی املاک دارد. لیکن با افزایش بلندمرتبه سازی در شهر‌های پرجمعیت، دسترسی طبقات تحتانی به روشنایی طبیعی با چالش‌هایی همراه است. آتریوم یکی از استراتژی‌های تامین نور طبیعی برای طبقات تحتانی است. عملکرد روشنایی طبیعی آتریوم قبل از ساخت به لطف شبیه سازی رایانه‌ای قابل ارزیابی است. تا پیش از این، شبیه سازی نور روز تنها محدود به شرایط آسمان ابری بود. لیکن با روش‌های جدید شبیه سازی رایانه‌ای نور روز، می‌توان متغیر‌های وضعیت خورشید و شرایط آسمان را در طول یکسال و در تمام ساعات روز بررسی کرد. این پیشرفت اعمال مولفه‌ی نور مستقیم خورشید در شبیه سازی ممکن کرده و در نتیجه امکان بررسی تاثیر شاخصه‌هایی از معماری که با جهت نور مستقیم در ارتباط هستند فراهم شده است. با توجه به نکته فوق، این پژوهش بر تاثیر زاویه تمایل دیوار‌های داخلی آتریوم بر روشنایی اتاق‌های مجاور آن تمرکز دارد.روش بررسی: زوایای مختلف آتریوم، در جهت شمال و جنوب به روش "مدل سازی روشنایی طبیعی مبتنی بر اقلیم" برای شهر تهران بررسی شده‌اند. از معیار‌های سنجش روشنایی طبیعی sDA، ASE و UDI برای انجام شبیه سازی‌های رایانه‌ای استفاده شده است.یافته‌ها: متمایل شدن جداره‌های داخلی آتریوم با زاویه 20 درجه به سمت جنوب باعث بهبود هر سه معیار ذکر شده در طبقات تحتانی آتریوم می‌شود. لیکن تمایل دیوار‌های آتریوم به سمت شمال، علاوه بر تاثیر نامطلوب بر روشنایی طبقات پایین، در طبقات بالا نیز خیرگی را افزایش می‌دهد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: اگرچه تاثیر زاویه تمایل بر عملکرد روشنایی طبیعی آتریوم به برجستگی سایر عوامل نیست، با این حال طراح می‌تواند در مراحل اولیه طراحی، به کمک چیدمان صحیح و الویت بندی مناسب فضاها برای بهره گیری از روشنایی طبیعی، این تاثیر را به حداکثر برساند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Daylight has a positive effect on people's health, employee productivity and property value. However, with the growth of high-rise buildings in populated cities, access to natural light for the lower floors are challenging. Atrium is one of the strategies for bringing daylight to these floors. Atrium’s daylight performance can be evaluated before construction thanks to computer simulations. Until now, daylight simulation has been limited to one cloudy sky condition. With the help of new methods of computer simulation of daylight, it is possible to study the effects of sun angles and sky conditions throughout the entire hours of a year. This development has made it possible to apply the direct sunlight component to the simulation and study its impacts of architectural features that are related to it. This study focuses on the effect of the angle of inclination of the inner walls of the atrium on the daylight performance of adjacent rooms.Material and Methodology: Different angles of the atrium in the north and south direction have been studied by the method of "Climate-based daylight modeling" for the city of Tehran. (sDA), (ASE) and (UDI) are daylight metrics which have been used in computer simulations.Findings: The inclination of the inner walls of the atrium at an angle of 20 degrees to the south improves all three criteria mentioned in the lower floors of it. However, the inclination of the atrium walls to the north, not only reduces the daylight in the lower parts, but also increases the glare in the upper floors.Discussion and Conclusion: Although the effect of inclination angle on daylight performance of atrium is not as prominent as other factors, the designer can maximize this effect in the early stages of design, with the correct arrangement and prioritization of spaces to benefit from daylight.
منابع و مأخذ:
Statistical Center of Iran, “Licenses issued for the construction of buildings by the municipalities of the country 1380-1397.” (In Persian)
A. Ahadi, M. R. Saghafi, and M. Tahbaz, “The study of effective factors in daylight performance of light-wells with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings,” Solar Energy, vol. 155, pp. 679–697, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.005.
Wirz-Justice, D. J. Skene, and M. Münch, “The relevance of daylight for humans,” Biochemical Pharmacology, p. 114304, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114304.
Omrany, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, U. Berardi, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, and D. H. W. Li, “Is atrium an ideal form for daylight in buildings?,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 47–62, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/00038628.2019.1683508.
“Transition to Sustainable Buildings – Analysis,” IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/transition-to-sustainable-buildings (accessed Sep. 17, 2021).
Acosta, C. Varela, J. F. Molina, J. Navarro, and J. J. Sendra, “Energy efficiency and lighting design in courtyards and atriums: A predictive method for daylight factors,” Applied Energy, vol. 211, pp. 1216–1228, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.104.
Acosta, M. Á. Campano, S. Domínguez, and J. Fernández-Agüera, “Minimum Daylight Autonomy: A New Concept to Link Daylight Dynamic Metrics with Daylight Factors,” LEUKOS, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 251–269, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1080/15502724.2018.1564673.
(8) Mohsenin and J. Hu, “Assessing daylight performance in atrium buildings by using Climate Based Daylight Modeling,” Solar Energy, vol. 119, pp. 553–560, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.011.
Boyce and K. Smet, “LRT symposium ‘Better metrics for better lighting’ – a summary,” Lighting Research & Technology, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 619–636, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1177/1477153514558161.
Xue, C. M. Mak, and Y. Huang, “Quantification of luminous comfort with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 117, pp. 99–108, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.026.
F. Reinhart, J. Mardaljevic, and Z. Rogers, “Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design,” LEUKOS, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7–31, Jul. 2006, doi: 10.1582/LEUKOS.2006.03.01.001.
Nabil and J. Mardaljevic, “Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors,” Energy and Buildings, p. 9, 2006.
Sudan, R. G. Mistrick, and G. N. Tiwari, “Climate-Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) for an atrium: An experimentally validated novel daylight performance,” Solar Energy, vol. 158, pp. 559–571, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.09.067.
Moosavi, N. Mahyuddin, N. Ab Ghafar, and M. Azzam Ismail, “Thermal performance of atria: An overview of natural ventilation effective designs,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 34, pp. 654–670, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.035.
Samant and F. Yang, “Daylighting in atria: The effect of atrium geometry and reflectance distribution,” Lighting Research & Technology - LIGHTING RES TECHNOL, vol. 39, pp. 147–157, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1177/1365782806074482.
V. Baker, A. Fanchiotti, and K. Steemers, Daylighting in Architecture: A European Reference Book. Routledge, 2013.
Ghasemi, M. Z. Kandar, and M. Noroozi, “Investigating the effect of well geometry on the daylight performance in the adjoining spaces of vertical top-lit atrium buildings,” Indoor and Built Environment, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 934–948, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1177/1420326X15589121.
Rastegari, “Daylight optimization through architectural aspects in an office building atrium in Tehran,” p. 58.
Neal and S. Lash, “The influence of well geometry on daylight levels in atria.,” 1992, pp. 342–45.
Boubekri, “The Effect of the Cover and Reflective Properties of a Four-Sided Atrium on the Behaviour of Light,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 3–8, Mar. 1995, doi: 10.1080/00038628.1995.9696770.
Iyer-Raniga, “Daylighting in Atrium Spaces,” p. 15.
Du and S. Sharples, “The assessment of vertical daylight factors across the walls of atrium buildings, Part 1: Square atria,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 44, pp. 109–123, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1177/1477153511412530.
(23) L. Oretskin, “Studying the efficiency of lightwells by means of models under an artificial sky,” Knoxville, 1982, pp. 459–463.
J. Cole, “The effect of the surfaces enclosing atria on the daylight in adjacent spaces,” Building and Environment, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 37–42, Jan. 1990, doi: 10.1016/0360-1323(90)90039-T.
M., “The Effect of the Cover and Reflective Properties of a Four-Sided Atrium on the Behaviour of Light,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 3–8, Mar. 1995, doi: 10.1080/00038628.1995.9696770.
Aschehoug, “Daylight design for glazed spaces,” Long Beach, CA, Nov. 1986, pp. 237–243.
Samant, “Atrium and its adjoining spaces: a study of the influence of atrium fac¸ ade design,” ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW, p. 14.
DeKay, “DAYLIGHTING AND URBAN FORM: An Urban Fabric of Light,” Journal of architectural and planning research, vol. 27, pp. 35–56, Mar. 2010.
R. Samant, “A parametric investigation of the influence of atrium facades on the daylight performance of atrium buildings,” Dec. 2011, Accessed: Apr. 18, 2021. (Online). Available: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12303/
Du and S. Sharples, “The variation of daylight levels across atrium walls: Reflectance distribution and well geometry effects under overcast sky conditions,” Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 2085–2100, Sep. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2011.05.015.
A. Athalye, Y. Xie, B. Liu, and M. I. Rosenberg, “Analysis of Daylighting Requirements within ASHRAE Standard 90.1,” PNNL-22698, 1092662, Aug. 2013. doi: 10.2172/1092662.
Beckers, Solar Energy at Urban Scale. 2013. doi: 10.1002/9781118562062.
co.uk-a, “DesignBuilder Software Ltd - Daylighting.” https://designbuilder.co.uk//daylighting (accessed Jul. 08, 2021).
_||_
Statistical Center of Iran, “Licenses issued for the construction of buildings by the municipalities of the country 1380-1397.” (In Persian)
A. Ahadi, M. R. Saghafi, and M. Tahbaz, “The study of effective factors in daylight performance of light-wells with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings,” Solar Energy, vol. 155, pp. 679–697, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.005.
Wirz-Justice, D. J. Skene, and M. Münch, “The relevance of daylight for humans,” Biochemical Pharmacology, p. 114304, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114304.
Omrany, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, U. Berardi, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, and D. H. W. Li, “Is atrium an ideal form for daylight in buildings?,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 47–62, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/00038628.2019.1683508.
“Transition to Sustainable Buildings – Analysis,” IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/transition-to-sustainable-buildings (accessed Sep. 17, 2021).
Acosta, C. Varela, J. F. Molina, J. Navarro, and J. J. Sendra, “Energy efficiency and lighting design in courtyards and atriums: A predictive method for daylight factors,” Applied Energy, vol. 211, pp. 1216–1228, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.104.
Acosta, M. Á. Campano, S. Domínguez, and J. Fernández-Agüera, “Minimum Daylight Autonomy: A New Concept to Link Daylight Dynamic Metrics with Daylight Factors,” LEUKOS, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 251–269, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1080/15502724.2018.1564673.
(8) Mohsenin and J. Hu, “Assessing daylight performance in atrium buildings by using Climate Based Daylight Modeling,” Solar Energy, vol. 119, pp. 553–560, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.011.
Boyce and K. Smet, “LRT symposium ‘Better metrics for better lighting’ – a summary,” Lighting Research & Technology, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 619–636, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1177/1477153514558161.
Xue, C. M. Mak, and Y. Huang, “Quantification of luminous comfort with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 117, pp. 99–108, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.026.
F. Reinhart, J. Mardaljevic, and Z. Rogers, “Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design,” LEUKOS, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7–31, Jul. 2006, doi: 10.1582/LEUKOS.2006.03.01.001.
Nabil and J. Mardaljevic, “Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors,” Energy and Buildings, p. 9, 2006.
Sudan, R. G. Mistrick, and G. N. Tiwari, “Climate-Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) for an atrium: An experimentally validated novel daylight performance,” Solar Energy, vol. 158, pp. 559–571, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.09.067.
Moosavi, N. Mahyuddin, N. Ab Ghafar, and M. Azzam Ismail, “Thermal performance of atria: An overview of natural ventilation effective designs,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 34, pp. 654–670, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.035.
Samant and F. Yang, “Daylighting in atria: The effect of atrium geometry and reflectance distribution,” Lighting Research & Technology - LIGHTING RES TECHNOL, vol. 39, pp. 147–157, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1177/1365782806074482.
V. Baker, A. Fanchiotti, and K. Steemers, Daylighting in Architecture: A European Reference Book. Routledge, 2013.
Ghasemi, M. Z. Kandar, and M. Noroozi, “Investigating the effect of well geometry on the daylight performance in the adjoining spaces of vertical top-lit atrium buildings,” Indoor and Built Environment, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 934–948, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1177/1420326X15589121.
Rastegari, “Daylight optimization through architectural aspects in an office building atrium in Tehran,” p. 58.
Neal and S. Lash, “The influence of well geometry on daylight levels in atria.,” 1992, pp. 342–45.
Boubekri, “The Effect of the Cover and Reflective Properties of a Four-Sided Atrium on the Behaviour of Light,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 3–8, Mar. 1995, doi: 10.1080/00038628.1995.9696770.
Iyer-Raniga, “Daylighting in Atrium Spaces,” p. 15.
Du and S. Sharples, “The assessment of vertical daylight factors across the walls of atrium buildings, Part 1: Square atria,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 44, pp. 109–123, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1177/1477153511412530.
(23) L. Oretskin, “Studying the efficiency of lightwells by means of models under an artificial sky,” Knoxville, 1982, pp. 459–463.
J. Cole, “The effect of the surfaces enclosing atria on the daylight in adjacent spaces,” Building and Environment, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 37–42, Jan. 1990, doi: 10.1016/0360-1323(90)90039-T.
M., “The Effect of the Cover and Reflective Properties of a Four-Sided Atrium on the Behaviour of Light,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 3–8, Mar. 1995, doi: 10.1080/00038628.1995.9696770.
Aschehoug, “Daylight design for glazed spaces,” Long Beach, CA, Nov. 1986, pp. 237–243.
Samant, “Atrium and its adjoining spaces: a study of the influence of atrium fac¸ ade design,” ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW, p. 14.
DeKay, “DAYLIGHTING AND URBAN FORM: An Urban Fabric of Light,” Journal of architectural and planning research, vol. 27, pp. 35–56, Mar. 2010.
R. Samant, “A parametric investigation of the influence of atrium facades on the daylight performance of atrium buildings,” Dec. 2011, Accessed: Apr. 18, 2021. (Online). Available: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12303/
Du and S. Sharples, “The variation of daylight levels across atrium walls: Reflectance distribution and well geometry effects under overcast sky conditions,” Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 2085–2100, Sep. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2011.05.015.
A. Athalye, Y. Xie, B. Liu, and M. I. Rosenberg, “Analysis of Daylighting Requirements within ASHRAE Standard 90.1,” PNNL-22698, 1092662, Aug. 2013. doi: 10.2172/1092662.
Beckers, Solar Energy at Urban Scale. 2013. doi: 10.1002/9781118562062.
co.uk-a, “DesignBuilder Software Ltd - Daylighting.” https://designbuilder.co.uk//daylighting (accessed Jul. 08, 2021).
