تعیین زاویه تمایل بهینه برای روشنایی طبیعی آتریوم در تهران بر اساس زوایای خورشید و ویژگی‌های اقلیمی
الموضوعات :
علیرضا باقری
1
(دانشجوی ارشد مهندسی معماری دانشگاه علم و صنعت تهران.)
محمدعلی خانمحمدی
2
(دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت تهران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
هانیه صنایعیان
3
(استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت تهران.)
تاريخ الإرسال : 04 الأحد , ربيع الأول, 1443
تاريخ التأكيد : 03 الجمعة , رجب, 1443
تاريخ الإصدار : 08 السبت , ربيع الأول, 1445
الکلمات المفتاحية:
روشنایی طبیعی,
خیرگی,
مصرف انرژی,
آتریوم,
شبیه سازی رایانه‌ای,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: نور روز تاثیر مثبتی بر سلامتی افراد، بهره‌وری کارمندان و ارزندگی املاک دارد. لیکن با افزایش بلندمرتبه سازی در شهر‌های پرجمعیت، دسترسی طبقات تحتانی به روشنایی طبیعی با چالش‌هایی همراه است. آتریوم یکی از استراتژی‌های تامین نور طبیعی برای طبقات تحتانی است. عملکرد روشنایی طبیعی آتریوم قبل از ساخت به لطف شبیه سازی رایانه‌ای قابل ارزیابی است. تا پیش از این، شبیه سازی نور روز تنها محدود به شرایط آسمان ابری بود. لیکن با روش‌های جدید شبیه سازی رایانه‌ای نور روز، می‌توان متغیر‌های وضعیت خورشید و شرایط آسمان را در طول یکسال و در تمام ساعات روز بررسی کرد. این پیشرفت اعمال مولفه‌ی نور مستقیم خورشید در شبیه سازی ممکن کرده و در نتیجه امکان بررسی تاثیر شاخصه‌هایی از معماری که با جهت نور مستقیم در ارتباط هستند فراهم شده است. با توجه به نکته فوق، این پژوهش بر تاثیر زاویه تمایل دیوار‌های داخلی آتریوم بر روشنایی اتاق‌های مجاور آن تمرکز دارد.روش بررسی: زوایای مختلف آتریوم، در جهت شمال و جنوب به روش "مدل سازی روشنایی طبیعی مبتنی بر اقلیم" برای شهر تهران بررسی شده‌اند. از معیار‌های سنجش روشنایی طبیعی sDA، ASE و UDI برای انجام شبیه سازی‌های رایانه‌ای استفاده شده است.یافته‌ها: متمایل شدن جداره‌های داخلی آتریوم با زاویه 20 درجه به سمت جنوب باعث بهبود هر سه معیار ذکر شده در طبقات تحتانی آتریوم می‌شود. لیکن تمایل دیوار‌های آتریوم به سمت شمال، علاوه بر تاثیر نامطلوب بر روشنایی طبقات پایین، در طبقات بالا نیز خیرگی را افزایش می‌دهد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: اگرچه تاثیر زاویه تمایل بر عملکرد روشنایی طبیعی آتریوم به برجستگی سایر عوامل نیست، با این حال طراح می‌تواند در مراحل اولیه طراحی، به کمک چیدمان صحیح و الویت بندی مناسب فضاها برای بهره گیری از روشنایی طبیعی، این تاثیر را به حداکثر برساند.
المصادر:
Statistical Center of Iran, “Licenses issued for the construction of buildings by the municipalities of the country 1380-1397.” (In Persian)
A. Ahadi, M. R. Saghafi, and M. Tahbaz, “The study of effective factors in daylight performance of light-wells with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings,” Solar Energy, vol. 155, pp. 679–697, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.005.
Wirz-Justice, D. J. Skene, and M. Münch, “The relevance of daylight for humans,” Biochemical Pharmacology, p. 114304, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114304.
Omrany, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, U. Berardi, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, and D. H. W. Li, “Is atrium an ideal form for daylight in buildings?,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 47–62, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/00038628.2019.1683508.
“Transition to Sustainable Buildings – Analysis,” IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/transition-to-sustainable-buildings (accessed Sep. 17, 2021).
Acosta, C. Varela, J. F. Molina, J. Navarro, and J. J. Sendra, “Energy efficiency and lighting design in courtyards and atriums: A predictive method for daylight factors,” Applied Energy, vol. 211, pp. 1216–1228, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.104.
Acosta, M. Á. Campano, S. Domínguez, and J. Fernández-Agüera, “Minimum Daylight Autonomy: A New Concept to Link Daylight Dynamic Metrics with Daylight Factors,” LEUKOS, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 251–269, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1080/15502724.2018.1564673.
(8) Mohsenin and J. Hu, “Assessing daylight performance in atrium buildings by using Climate Based Daylight Modeling,” Solar Energy, vol. 119, pp. 553–560, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.011.
Boyce and K. Smet, “LRT symposium ‘Better metrics for better lighting’ – a summary,” Lighting Research & Technology, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 619–636, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1177/1477153514558161.
Xue, C. M. Mak, and Y. Huang, “Quantification of luminous comfort with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 117, pp. 99–108, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.026.
F. Reinhart, J. Mardaljevic, and Z. Rogers, “Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design,” LEUKOS, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7–31, Jul. 2006, doi: 10.1582/LEUKOS.2006.03.01.001.
Nabil and J. Mardaljevic, “Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors,” Energy and Buildings, p. 9, 2006.
Sudan, R. G. Mistrick, and G. N. Tiwari, “Climate-Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) for an atrium: An experimentally validated novel daylight performance,” Solar Energy, vol. 158, pp. 559–571, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.09.067.
Moosavi, N. Mahyuddin, N. Ab Ghafar, and M. Azzam Ismail, “Thermal performance of atria: An overview of natural ventilation effective designs,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 34, pp. 654–670, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.035.
Samant and F. Yang, “Daylighting in atria: The effect of atrium geometry and reflectance distribution,” Lighting Research & Technology - LIGHTING RES TECHNOL, vol. 39, pp. 147–157, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1177/1365782806074482.
V. Baker, A. Fanchiotti, and K. Steemers, Daylighting in Architecture: A European Reference Book. Routledge, 2013.
Ghasemi, M. Z. Kandar, and M. Noroozi, “Investigating the effect of well geometry on the daylight performance in the adjoining spaces of vertical top-lit atrium buildings,” Indoor and Built Environment, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 934–948, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1177/1420326X15589121.
Rastegari, “Daylight optimization through architectural aspects in an office building atrium in Tehran,” p. 58.
Neal and S. Lash, “The influence of well geometry on daylight levels in atria.,” 1992, pp. 342–45.
Boubekri, “The Effect of the Cover and Reflective Properties of a Four-Sided Atrium on the Behaviour of Light,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 3–8, Mar. 1995, doi: 10.1080/00038628.1995.9696770.
Iyer-Raniga, “Daylighting in Atrium Spaces,” p. 15.
Du and S. Sharples, “The assessment of vertical daylight factors across the walls of atrium buildings, Part 1: Square atria,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 44, pp. 109–123, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1177/1477153511412530.
(23) L. Oretskin, “Studying the efficiency of lightwells by means of models under an artificial sky,” Knoxville, 1982, pp. 459–463.
J. Cole, “The effect of the surfaces enclosing atria on the daylight in adjacent spaces,” Building and Environment, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 37–42, Jan. 1990, doi: 10.1016/0360-1323(90)90039-T.
M., “The Effect of the Cover and Reflective Properties of a Four-Sided Atrium on the Behaviour of Light,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 3–8, Mar. 1995, doi: 10.1080/00038628.1995.9696770.
Aschehoug, “Daylight design for glazed spaces,” Long Beach, CA, Nov. 1986, pp. 237–243.
Samant, “Atrium and its adjoining spaces: a study of the influence of atrium fac¸ ade design,” ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW, p. 14.
DeKay, “DAYLIGHTING AND URBAN FORM: An Urban Fabric of Light,” Journal of architectural and planning research, vol. 27, pp. 35–56, Mar. 2010.
R. Samant, “A parametric investigation of the influence of atrium facades on the daylight performance of atrium buildings,” Dec. 2011, Accessed: Apr. 18, 2021. (Online). Available: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12303/
Du and S. Sharples, “The variation of daylight levels across atrium walls: Reflectance distribution and well geometry effects under overcast sky conditions,” Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 2085–2100, Sep. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2011.05.015.
A. Athalye, Y. Xie, B. Liu, and M. I. Rosenberg, “Analysis of Daylighting Requirements within ASHRAE Standard 90.1,” PNNL-22698, 1092662, Aug. 2013. doi: 10.2172/1092662.
Beckers, Solar Energy at Urban Scale. 2013. doi: 10.1002/9781118562062.
co.uk-a, “DesignBuilder Software Ltd - Daylighting.” https://designbuilder.co.uk//daylighting (accessed Jul. 08, 2021).
_||_
Statistical Center of Iran, “Licenses issued for the construction of buildings by the municipalities of the country 1380-1397.” (In Persian)
A. Ahadi, M. R. Saghafi, and M. Tahbaz, “The study of effective factors in daylight performance of light-wells with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings,” Solar Energy, vol. 155, pp. 679–697, Oct. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.07.005.
Wirz-Justice, D. J. Skene, and M. Münch, “The relevance of daylight for humans,” Biochemical Pharmacology, p. 114304, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114304.
Omrany, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, U. Berardi, A. Ghaffarianhoseini, and D. H. W. Li, “Is atrium an ideal form for daylight in buildings?,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 47–62, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1080/00038628.2019.1683508.
“Transition to Sustainable Buildings – Analysis,” IEA. https://www.iea.org/reports/transition-to-sustainable-buildings (accessed Sep. 17, 2021).
Acosta, C. Varela, J. F. Molina, J. Navarro, and J. J. Sendra, “Energy efficiency and lighting design in courtyards and atriums: A predictive method for daylight factors,” Applied Energy, vol. 211, pp. 1216–1228, Feb. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.11.104.
Acosta, M. Á. Campano, S. Domínguez, and J. Fernández-Agüera, “Minimum Daylight Autonomy: A New Concept to Link Daylight Dynamic Metrics with Daylight Factors,” LEUKOS, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 251–269, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1080/15502724.2018.1564673.
(8) Mohsenin and J. Hu, “Assessing daylight performance in atrium buildings by using Climate Based Daylight Modeling,” Solar Energy, vol. 119, pp. 553–560, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2015.05.011.
Boyce and K. Smet, “LRT symposium ‘Better metrics for better lighting’ – a summary,” Lighting Research & Technology, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 619–636, Dec. 2014, doi: 10.1177/1477153514558161.
Xue, C. M. Mak, and Y. Huang, “Quantification of luminous comfort with dynamic daylight metrics in residential buildings,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 117, pp. 99–108, Apr. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.026.
F. Reinhart, J. Mardaljevic, and Z. Rogers, “Dynamic Daylight Performance Metrics for Sustainable Building Design,” LEUKOS, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 7–31, Jul. 2006, doi: 10.1582/LEUKOS.2006.03.01.001.
Nabil and J. Mardaljevic, “Useful daylight illuminances: A replacement for daylight factors,” Energy and Buildings, p. 9, 2006.
Sudan, R. G. Mistrick, and G. N. Tiwari, “Climate-Based Daylight Modeling (CBDM) for an atrium: An experimentally validated novel daylight performance,” Solar Energy, vol. 158, pp. 559–571, Dec. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2017.09.067.
Moosavi, N. Mahyuddin, N. Ab Ghafar, and M. Azzam Ismail, “Thermal performance of atria: An overview of natural ventilation effective designs,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 34, pp. 654–670, Jun. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.02.035.
Samant and F. Yang, “Daylighting in atria: The effect of atrium geometry and reflectance distribution,” Lighting Research & Technology - LIGHTING RES TECHNOL, vol. 39, pp. 147–157, Jun. 2007, doi: 10.1177/1365782806074482.
V. Baker, A. Fanchiotti, and K. Steemers, Daylighting in Architecture: A European Reference Book. Routledge, 2013.
Ghasemi, M. Z. Kandar, and M. Noroozi, “Investigating the effect of well geometry on the daylight performance in the adjoining spaces of vertical top-lit atrium buildings,” Indoor and Built Environment, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 934–948, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1177/1420326X15589121.
Rastegari, “Daylight optimization through architectural aspects in an office building atrium in Tehran,” p. 58.
Neal and S. Lash, “The influence of well geometry on daylight levels in atria.,” 1992, pp. 342–45.
Boubekri, “The Effect of the Cover and Reflective Properties of a Four-Sided Atrium on the Behaviour of Light,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 3–8, Mar. 1995, doi: 10.1080/00038628.1995.9696770.
Iyer-Raniga, “Daylighting in Atrium Spaces,” p. 15.
Du and S. Sharples, “The assessment of vertical daylight factors across the walls of atrium buildings, Part 1: Square atria,” Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 44, pp. 109–123, Jun. 2012, doi: 10.1177/1477153511412530.
(23) L. Oretskin, “Studying the efficiency of lightwells by means of models under an artificial sky,” Knoxville, 1982, pp. 459–463.
J. Cole, “The effect of the surfaces enclosing atria on the daylight in adjacent spaces,” Building and Environment, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 37–42, Jan. 1990, doi: 10.1016/0360-1323(90)90039-T.
M., “The Effect of the Cover and Reflective Properties of a Four-Sided Atrium on the Behaviour of Light,” Architectural Science Review, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 3–8, Mar. 1995, doi: 10.1080/00038628.1995.9696770.
Aschehoug, “Daylight design for glazed spaces,” Long Beach, CA, Nov. 1986, pp. 237–243.
Samant, “Atrium and its adjoining spaces: a study of the influence of atrium fac¸ ade design,” ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE REVIEW, p. 14.
DeKay, “DAYLIGHTING AND URBAN FORM: An Urban Fabric of Light,” Journal of architectural and planning research, vol. 27, pp. 35–56, Mar. 2010.
R. Samant, “A parametric investigation of the influence of atrium facades on the daylight performance of atrium buildings,” Dec. 2011, Accessed: Apr. 18, 2021. (Online). Available: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12303/
Du and S. Sharples, “The variation of daylight levels across atrium walls: Reflectance distribution and well geometry effects under overcast sky conditions,” Solar Energy, vol. 85, no. 9, pp. 2085–2100, Sep. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2011.05.015.
A. Athalye, Y. Xie, B. Liu, and M. I. Rosenberg, “Analysis of Daylighting Requirements within ASHRAE Standard 90.1,” PNNL-22698, 1092662, Aug. 2013. doi: 10.2172/1092662.
Beckers, Solar Energy at Urban Scale. 2013. doi: 10.1002/9781118562062.
co.uk-a, “DesignBuilder Software Ltd - Daylighting.” https://designbuilder.co.uk//daylighting (accessed Jul. 08, 2021).
