تحکیم جایگاه دادخواه خصوصی در دعاوی محیط زیستی علیه دولت

محورهای موضوعی : حقوق محیط زیست

روح اله کریمی ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران)
عباس پهلوان زاده ² (استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران(مسئول مکاتبات))
حسین جلالی ³ (استادیار، گروه حقوق خصوصی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/06/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/18 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01

کلید واژه: دعاوی, محیط زیستی, مسئولیت مدنی, دادخواه خصوصی, شخص حقیقی,

چکیده مقاله :

اگرچه امروزه حفاظت و حمایت از محیط زیست بسیار حائز اهمیت بوده و جلوه حمایتی قانونی از آن را شاهد هستیم، اما دعاوی محیط زیستی در کشور ما هنوز جایگاه منحصر به خود را پیدا نکرده است. اگرچه اصل پنجاهم قانون اساسی و سایر قوانین حمایت از محیط زیست را در چارچوب خود دارند، اما نظام حقوقی جامع با کارکرد مسئولیت و رویکرد حمایتی از دادخواهی خصوصی متبلور نشده است. از این رو، نیل به تثبیت ذینفع خصوصی و تبیین اصل دادخواهی دعاوی زیست محیطی، پژوهش را هدف مند می سازد. این پژوهش بر اساس منابع کتابخانه ای به روز و به صورت فیش برداری و توصیفی- تحلیلی به نقش قلم آراسته شده است. در پژوهش حاضر این پرسش مطرح گردیده که قدرت مطالبه گری و دادخواهی اشخاص خصوصی مطابق چارچوب های قانونی به چه صورت است؟ در این راستا یافته ما این است که مطالبه گری اشخاص خصوصی با وضعیت موجود و جایگاه دادخواه خصوصی در دعاوی محیط زیستی نزد محاکم و مراجع قضایی و شبه قضایی قوت گرفته و در فراز های قانونی و رویه ای تبلور یافته است. با این توصیف در این پژوهش با تشریح جایگاه دادخواه خصوصی، چارچوب های جبران خسارت و همچنین نقش مراجع صالح حل اختلاف نیز مورد مداقه قرار گرفته و ذینفع خصوصی در مقام خواهان می تواند علیه دولت به طرح دعوی بپردازد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Although today we see the protection and protection of the environment is very important and a manifestation of legal protection for it, but environmental claims in our country have not yet found their separate place. The fifth principle of the constitution and other laws protecting the environment in the context of their own, but have not been crystallized with the operation of the legal system of liability and litigation support private approach. This research is adorned with up-to-date library resources and in the form of Descriptive-analytical notes and the role of the pen. In line with the present study, it is intended to discuss the claims of private individuals and therefore we want to explain the current situation of the position of private litigants in environmental lawsuits by answering the question "What is the power of private individuals to claim and sue in accordance with the legal framework?" With this description, in this study, by explaining the position of the private plaintiff, the compensation frameworks as well as the role of the competent authorities in resolving the dispute have been examined and the private stakeholder as a plaintiff can file a lawsuit against the government.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Shams, Abdullah (2020) Advanced Civil Procedure, Drak Publications, Volume 1, Page 23 and Bahrami, Bahram (2003) Civil Procedure, Tehran, Negah Bineh Publications, 6th edition, page 113.(In Persian)


2. Taghizadeh Ansari, Mostafa (1995) Environmental Law in Iran, Tehran, Samat Publications, First Edition, Page 51. (In Persian)


3. Abdolhai, Abbas (2015) Environmental Lawsuits Against the Government in Iranian Law and International Law, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Azizaleh Fahimi, Qom University, Faculty of Law. Page 128. (In Persian)


4. Karimi, Ruhollah (2017) Explaining Environmental Damages in the Light of Liability, Tools and Legal Regime, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Maryam Afshari, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, page 29. (In Persian)


5. Fahimi, Azizaleh (2012) Civil Liability Due to Environmental Destruction in Iranian Jurisprudence and Law (Comparative Study in French Law and International Documents), Qom, Institute of Islamic Sciences and Culture, First Edition, page 65. (In Persian)


6. Katozian, Nasser, Ansari, Mehdi (2008) Liability for Environmental Damage, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, No. 2, pp. 285-313. (In Persian)


7. Ghasemi, Nasser, Piri, Maryam (2009) Legal-Judicial Study of How and the Role of Exercising Citizenship Rights in Environment, Environmental Science and Technology, Volume 11, Number 3, Fall, pp. 205-221. (In Persian)


8. Kifi, Zohreh (2015) Civil Liability Due to Environmental Damages in Iranian Law with a Look at the Lugano Convention 1993, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Sobhan Taybi, Islamic Azad University, Electronic Branch, page 17. (In Persian)


9. Ramezani Ghavamabadi, Mohammad Hossein (2011) Prevention and Suppression of Environmental Crimes in the Light of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Iranian Legal System, Journal of Justice Law, No. 75, pp. 199-225. (In Persian)

• Koushki, Gholam Hassan (2009) The Challenges of the Iranian Penal System in the Field of Environmental Crimes, Legal Information Quarterly, pp. 87 to 104. (In Persian)


• Ramezani Ghavamabadi, Mohammad Hossein (2008) A Reflection on the Role and Position of Non-Governmental Organizations in Environmental Criminal Cases, Mofid Letter, No. 67, pp. 91-110. (In Persian)


• Bahrami Ahmadi, Hamid, Alam Khani, Azam (2013) A Reflection on the Practical Aspects of Civil Liability Lawsuits Against the Government Against Environmental Damages, Public Law Knowledge Quarterly, Second Year, No. 5, Fall, pp. 83-110. (In Persian)


• Nasser Katozian (2004) Principles of Public Law, Mizan Publishing, Tehran, Second Edition, Page 163. (In Persian)


• Nejad Moghaddam Zanjani, Niloufar (2021) Corporate Social Responsibility for Compensation for Environmental Damages with Emphasis on Civil Liability, Master Thesis in Private Law under the guidance of Dr. Mina Mohajer, Damavand University of Guidance, p. 31. (In Persian)


• Katozian, Nasser (1997) Government Civil Liability for the Employees' Actions, Tehran, Dadgostar Publishing, First Edition, p. 48. (In Persian)


• Fahimi, Azizullah, Mashhadi, Ali (2011) Shiite jurisprudence and change in the principles of environmental civil liability, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 41, Number 1, pp. 313-326. (In Persian)


• Haji Nouri, Gholamreza (2012) The Role of Guilt in Guarantee of Causation, Law Quarterly, Journal of the Faculty of Law and Political Science, Volume 42, Number 3, Pages 143 to 158. (In Persian)


• Jam, Farhad (2008) Access to Environmental Justice Exploring the Position Theory and Public Interest Claims in the United States, Constitutional Law, Year 7, No. 9, pp. 81-96. (In Persian)


• Abdollahi, Mohsen (2007) Criminal Protection of the Environment: A Reflection on the Requirements of Environmental Criminal Law, Environmental Sciences, Fifth Year, No. 1, pp. 97-117. (In Persian)