بررسی عناصر سرب، کادمیم و مس در خاک اطراف نیروگاه حرارتی شازند اراک
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی خاک
حوریه عابدی
1
(دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.)
سهیل سبحان اردکانی
2
(استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات))
اصغر سیف
3
(دانشیار گروه آمار، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.)
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/02/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/06/17
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/11/01
کلید واژه:
آلودگی خاک,
نیروگاه شازند,
توزیع مکانی,
فلز سنگین,
بیشینه رواداری,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: آلودگی خاک به فلزات سنگین سمی از مشکلات رایج در سطح بین‌المللی است. بنابراین، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی غلظت عناصر سرب، کادمیم و مس در خاک اطراف نیروگاه شازند اراک و تهیه نقشه توزیع مکانی عناصر در سال 1392 انجام یافت.
روش بررسی: پس از انتخاب 9 ایستگاه نمونه برداری به‌روش تصادفی سیستماتیک، از خاک سطحی و همچنین از عمق 30 سانتی متری در مجموع 54 نمونه خاک برداشت شد. غلظت عناصر در نمونه ها بعد از طی مراحل آماده‌سازی آزمایشگاهی، به‌روش طیف‌سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت‌شده القایی خوانده شد. برای تهیه نقشه پهنه بندی عناصر و پردازش آماری داده ها به‌ترتیب از نرم افزارهای ArcGIS وSPSS استفاده شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشینه میانگین غلظت عناصر سرب، کادمیم و مس در نمونه های خاک سطحی و عمق 30 سانتی متری (میکرو‌گرم در کیلوگرم) به‌ترتیب برابر با 577 ± 10255 و 415 ± 8416؛ 0/29 ± 304 و 0/34 ± 303؛ و 431 ± 11839 و 501 ± 10473 است. نتایج مقایسه میانگین غلظت عناصر مورد ارزیابی در نمونه ها با رهنمود WHO نشان داد که فقط میانگین غلظت عنصر مس بزرگ تر از بیشینه رواداری بوده است.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: علی‌رغم آن‌که نتایج نشان داد خاک های اطراف نیروگاه حرارتی شازند به عناصر سمی سرب و کادمیم آلوده نبودند، ولی، به منظور حفظ سلامت محیط و زیستمندان نسبت به اعمال مدیریت محیط‌زیستی صنایع مستقر در منطقه مورد مطالعه از جمله نیروگاه و پتروشیمی شازند توصیه می شود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Spatial distribution of contaminants is essential for soil contamination monitoring and maintaining environmental quality. Therefore, this study was conducted to assessment of Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations of soil samples in the vicinity of Shazand thermal power plant in 2013 and preparing the spatial distribution map of elements.
Material and Methodology: A total of 54 topsoil and subsoil samples were collected from nine sampling stations. In the laboratory, after preparation of soil samples, heavy metal concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 18.0 statistical package. Also, spatial distribution maps of elements were prepared using Kriging interpolation method.
Findings: Based on the results obtained, the maximum mean concentration of Pb (µg/kg) in topsoil and subsoil samples were 10255 ± 577 and 8416 ± 415, respectively, while, the maximum mean concentration of Cd in topsoil and subsoil samples were 304 ± 29.0 and 303 ± 34.0 µg/kg, respectively, whereas, the maximum mean concentration of Cu in topsoils and subsoils samples were found to be 11839 ± 431 and 10473 ± 501 µg/kg, respectively. The results of statistical analyses showed that, the mean concentrations of Cu in both topsoil and subsoil specimens were significantly higher than permissible maximum permissible concentration established by WHO.
Discussion and Conclusion: Although the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd in soil samples were lower than WHO permissible limits, the establishment of environmental management system in industries of the study area and implementation of programs for the monitoring of heavy metals in soil samples is recommended.
منابع و مأخذ:
1. Taghipour, M., Khademi, H., Ayoubi, Sh. (2010). Spatial variability of Pb and Zn concentration and its relationship with land use and parent materials in selected surface soils of Hamadan province. Journal of Water and Soil, 24(1), 132-144. (In Persian)
Khodakarami, L., Soffianian, A., Mirghafari, N., Afyuni, M., Golshahi, A. (2012). Concentration zoning of chromium, cobalt and nickel in the soils of three sub-basin of the Hamadan Province using GIS technology and the geostatistics. JWSS.; 15(58), 243-254. (In Persian)
Rezaei Raja, O., Sobhanardakani, S., Cheraghi, M. (2016). Health risk assessment of citrus contaminated with heavy metals in Hamedan City, potential risk of Al and Cu. Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal, 3(3), 131-135.
Zimdahl, R.L., Skogerboe, R.K. (1977). Behavior of lead in soil. Environmental Science and Technology, 11(13), 1202-1207.
Sobhanardakani, S., Maanijou, M., Asadi, H. (2015). Investigation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mg concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain. Scientific Journal of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 21(4), 319-329. (In Persian)
Sobhanardakani, S. (2018). Human health risk assessment of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn through consumption of raw and pasteurized cow's milk. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 47(8), 1172-1180.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants (4th Edition). CRC Press, 548 pp.
Dayani, M., Mohammadi, J., Naderi, M. (2010). Geostatistical analysis of Pb, Zn and Cd concentration in soil of Sepahanshahr suburb (south of Esfahan). Journal of Water and Soil, 23(4), 67-76. (In Persian)
Hosseini, S.V., Sobhanardakani, S., Kolangi Miandare, H., Harsij, M., Regenstein, J.M. (2015). Determination of toxic (Pb, Cd) and essential (Zn, Mn) metals in canned tuna fish produced in Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13, 59.
Rodriguez, J.A., Nanos, N., Grav, J.M., Gil, L., Lopez-Arias, M. (2008). Multiscale analysis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsolis. Chemosphere, 70(6), 1085-1096.
Sobhanardakani, S., Jafari, S.M. (2014). Investigation of As, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 24, 184-195. (In Persian)
Salari, , Mozafai, H., Manoocheri Kalantari, K., Torkzadeh, M., Naseri, F. (2011). The environmental evaluation of toxic metal of Al content changing in industrial zones (Case study: Some of industrial zones in Kerman province). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 13(1), 21-38. (In Persian)
Norozi, S., Ardestani, M., Ghazban, F., Khosro Tehrani, Kh. (2012). Molybdenum and chromium pollution around Mobarakeh Steel Manufacturing, Esfahan Province, Iran. Journal of Science, 23(1), 1-12. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Roozbahani, M., Sobhanardakani, S., Karimi, H., Sorooshnia, R. (2015). Natural and anthropogenic source of heavy metals pollution in the soil samples of an industrial complex; a case study. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 9(29), 1336-1341.
Sobhanardakani, S., Mohammadi Roozbahani, M., Sorooshnia, R., Karimi, H. (2016). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface soils of Ahvaz IV industrial estate, Khuzestan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Health Sciences, 4(1), 53-61.
Ahmadi, S.A., Sobhanardakani, S. (2020). Evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in the soil samples collected from near the Arak III industrial estate. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(5), 85-97. (In Persian)
Jankiewicz, B., Adamczyk, D. (2007). Assessing heavy metal content in soils surrounding the Lodz power plant, Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16(6), 933-938.
Krishna, A.K., Govil, P.K. (2007). Soil contamination due to heavy metals from an industrial area of Surat, Gujarat, western India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 124(1-3), 263-275.
Deka, J., Sarma, H.P. (2012). Heavy metal contamination in soil in an industrial zone and its relation with some soil properties. Archives of Applied Science Research, 4(2), 831-836.
Feizi, A.A., Mansouri, M.M. (2005). Quantitative and qualitative study of environmental pollutants of Shazand power plant. 20th International Power System Conference, 12 p.
Heywood, I., Cornelius, S., Carver, S. (2011). An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems. Forth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 446 pp.
Mousavi, E., Soffianian, A., Mirghafari, N., Khodakarami, L. (2012). Investigation of spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface soil of Hamadan Province. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 25(4), 323-336. (In Persian)
Dantu, S. (2010). Geochemical patterns in soils in and around Siddipet, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 170(1-4), 681-701.
Lin, W., Xiao, T., Wu, Y., Ao, Z., Ning, Z. (2012). Hyperaccumulation of zinc by Corydalis davidii in Zn-polluted soils. Chemosphere, 86(8), 837-842.
Samani Majd, S., Taebi, A., Afyuni, M. (2007). Lead and cadmium pollution in urban roadside soil. Journal of Environmental Studies, 33(43), 1-10. (In Persian)
McKenzie, E.R., Money, J.E., Green, P.G., Young, T.M. (2009). Metals associated with stormwater-relevant brake and tire samples. Science of the Total Environment, 407(22), 5855-5860.
Farzan, M., Sobhanardakani, S. (2016). Analysis of Fe, Pb, and Cd content of surface runoff in regions with high traffic intensity in Hamedan, Iran, in 2014. Health System Research, 12(2), 208-213. (In Persian)
Behbahaninia, A. (2009). The investigation of metals pollution of fossil fuels in roadside soils of Tehran – Damavand. 5(17), 45-56. (In Persian)
Olubunmi Fagbote, E., Olorunsola Olanipekun, E. (2010). Evaluation of the status of heavy metal pollution of soil and plant (Chromolaena odorata) of Agbabu Bitumen deposit area, Nigeria. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 5(4), 241-248.
_||_1. Taghipour, M., Khademi, H., Ayoubi, Sh. (2010). Spatial variability of Pb and Zn concentration and its relationship with land use and parent materials in selected surface soils of Hamadan province. Journal of Water and Soil, 24(1), 132-144. (In Persian)
Khodakarami, L., Soffianian, A., Mirghafari, N., Afyuni, M., Golshahi, A. (2012). Concentration zoning of chromium, cobalt and nickel in the soils of three sub-basin of the Hamadan Province using GIS technology and the geostatistics. JWSS.; 15(58), 243-254. (In Persian)
Rezaei Raja, O., Sobhanardakani, S., Cheraghi, M. (2016). Health risk assessment of citrus contaminated with heavy metals in Hamedan City, potential risk of Al and Cu. Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal, 3(3), 131-135.
Zimdahl, R.L., Skogerboe, R.K. (1977). Behavior of lead in soil. Environmental Science and Technology, 11(13), 1202-1207.
Sobhanardakani, S., Maanijou, M., Asadi, H. (2015). Investigation of Pb, Cd, Cu and Mg concentrations in groundwater resources of Razan Plain. Scientific Journal of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 21(4), 319-329. (In Persian)
Sobhanardakani, S. (2018). Human health risk assessment of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn through consumption of raw and pasteurized cow's milk. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 47(8), 1172-1180.
Kabata-Pendias, A. (2010). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants (4th Edition). CRC Press, 548 pp.
Dayani, M., Mohammadi, J., Naderi, M. (2010). Geostatistical analysis of Pb, Zn and Cd concentration in soil of Sepahanshahr suburb (south of Esfahan). Journal of Water and Soil, 23(4), 67-76. (In Persian)
Hosseini, S.V., Sobhanardakani, S., Kolangi Miandare, H., Harsij, M., Regenstein, J.M. (2015). Determination of toxic (Pb, Cd) and essential (Zn, Mn) metals in canned tuna fish produced in Iran. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 13, 59.
Rodriguez, J.A., Nanos, N., Grav, J.M., Gil, L., Lopez-Arias, M. (2008). Multiscale analysis of heavy metal contents in Spanish agricultural topsolis. Chemosphere, 70(6), 1085-1096.
Sobhanardakani, S., Jafari, S.M. (2014). Investigation of As, Hg, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu concentrations in muscle tissue of Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 24, 184-195. (In Persian)
Salari, , Mozafai, H., Manoocheri Kalantari, K., Torkzadeh, M., Naseri, F. (2011). The environmental evaluation of toxic metal of Al content changing in industrial zones (Case study: Some of industrial zones in Kerman province). Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 13(1), 21-38. (In Persian)
Norozi, S., Ardestani, M., Ghazban, F., Khosro Tehrani, Kh. (2012). Molybdenum and chromium pollution around Mobarakeh Steel Manufacturing, Esfahan Province, Iran. Journal of Science, 23(1), 1-12. (In Persian)
Mohammadi Roozbahani, M., Sobhanardakani, S., Karimi, H., Sorooshnia, R. (2015). Natural and anthropogenic source of heavy metals pollution in the soil samples of an industrial complex; a case study. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 9(29), 1336-1341.
Sobhanardakani, S., Mohammadi Roozbahani, M., Sorooshnia, R., Karimi, H. (2016). Assessment of heavy metal contamination in surface soils of Ahvaz IV industrial estate, Khuzestan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Health Sciences, 4(1), 53-61.
Ahmadi, S.A., Sobhanardakani, S. (2020). Evaluation of Cr and Ni concentrations in the soil samples collected from near the Arak III industrial estate. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 22(5), 85-97. (In Persian)
Jankiewicz, B., Adamczyk, D. (2007). Assessing heavy metal content in soils surrounding the Lodz power plant, Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 16(6), 933-938.
Krishna, A.K., Govil, P.K. (2007). Soil contamination due to heavy metals from an industrial area of Surat, Gujarat, western India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 124(1-3), 263-275.
Deka, J., Sarma, H.P. (2012). Heavy metal contamination in soil in an industrial zone and its relation with some soil properties. Archives of Applied Science Research, 4(2), 831-836.
Feizi, A.A., Mansouri, M.M. (2005). Quantitative and qualitative study of environmental pollutants of Shazand power plant. 20th International Power System Conference, 12 p.
Heywood, I., Cornelius, S., Carver, S. (2011). An Introduction to Geographical Information Systems. Forth Edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, 446 pp.
Mousavi, E., Soffianian, A., Mirghafari, N., Khodakarami, L. (2012). Investigation of spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface soil of Hamadan Province. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 25(4), 323-336. (In Persian)
Dantu, S. (2010). Geochemical patterns in soils in and around Siddipet, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 170(1-4), 681-701.
Lin, W., Xiao, T., Wu, Y., Ao, Z., Ning, Z. (2012). Hyperaccumulation of zinc by Corydalis davidii in Zn-polluted soils. Chemosphere, 86(8), 837-842.
Samani Majd, S., Taebi, A., Afyuni, M. (2007). Lead and cadmium pollution in urban roadside soil. Journal of Environmental Studies, 33(43), 1-10. (In Persian)
McKenzie, E.R., Money, J.E., Green, P.G., Young, T.M. (2009). Metals associated with stormwater-relevant brake and tire samples. Science of the Total Environment, 407(22), 5855-5860.
Farzan, M., Sobhanardakani, S. (2016). Analysis of Fe, Pb, and Cd content of surface runoff in regions with high traffic intensity in Hamedan, Iran, in 2014. Health System Research, 12(2), 208-213. (In Persian)
Behbahaninia, A. (2009). The investigation of metals pollution of fossil fuels in roadside soils of Tehran – Damavand. 5(17), 45-56. (In Persian)
Olubunmi Fagbote, E., Olorunsola Olanipekun, E. (2010). Evaluation of the status of heavy metal pollution of soil and plant (Chromolaena odorata) of Agbabu Bitumen deposit area, Nigeria. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 5(4), 241-248.
