امکان سنجی آب دریای خزر برای کشت یونجههای یکساله (Medicago spp.) در مناطق جلگهای مازندران
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیسترضا تمرتاش 1 , زهرا زمانی 2 , محمدرضا طاطیان 3 , محمدرضا ریاحی 4
1 - دانشیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی دکترای علوم مرتع، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ساری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
4 - دانشجوی دکترای آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی نور، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور، نور، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش شوری, یونجه, آّب نامتعارف, مازندران,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: استفاده از آب دریا برای تولید محصول یکی از راه های مبارزه با کم آبی است. جهت استفاده از آب دریا باید گونه های شور پسند را بر اساس شرایط موجود انتخاب نمود. گونه هایی که قادر به رشد و نمو در شرایط شور بوده و عملکرد مطلوبی داشته باشند. هدف از این پژوهش مقایسه عملکرد گونه های شورپسند با آب دریا بوده تا گیاهانی که دارای عملکرد علوفه ای بالا و سازگار با محیط را دارند، جهت کشت در اراضی ساحلی مازندران انتخاب و پیشنهاد شوند. روش بررسی: به منظور بررسی خصوصیات گیاهان علوفه ای شور پسند، آزمایشی در ایستگاه آموزشی پژوهشی دانشکده منابع طبیعی ساری در سال 1395 به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. فاکتور های آزمایش شامل چهار گونه یونجه یک ساله (Medicago polymorpha, Medicag scutellata ,( Medicago litoralis, Medicago truncatulaوپنج سطح آب شور دریا (dS/m 6/0به عنوان شاهد، dS/m 8/3، dS/m 4/6، dS/m 6/9 و dS/m 2/14) بودند. یافته ها: نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که درصد جوانه زنی در هدایت الکتریکی dS/m 8/3 و dS/m4/6 و dS/m 6/9 اختلاف معنی داری (05/0p ≤ ) بین دو گونه M.Polymorpha وM. Scutellata و گونه های M. truncatula و M. litoralis دیده نشد. در طول فاز استقرار (60 روز) بین هریک از گونه ها اختلاف معنی داری (05/0p ≤ ) مشاهده شد. در هدایت الکتریکی dS/m 8/3، dS/m 4/6، گونه M. polymorpha با سایر گونه ها اختلاف معنی داری را نشان داد ولی بین سه گونه دیگر اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده نشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتیجه پژوهش بیانگر این است که گونه های M.polymorha و M.scutellata تحمل بیشتری از خود در شرایط شوری نشان داده و سازگارشده اند (05/0p ≤ ).
Background and Objective: Using seawater to produce crops is one way to combat this dehydration. For use of seawater, saline species should be selected according to the existing conditions. Species that is able to grow in saline conditions and desirable performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield of saline species with seawater so that plants with high forage yield and compatible with the environment can be selected and proposed for cultivation in coastal lands of Mazandaran. Method: In order to survey of halophyte forage plants characteristics, a factorial experiment was conducted at Research Station of Sari Natural Resources Faculty in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2016. The test factors included four Medicag polymorpha, Medicag scutellata, Medicago litoralis, Medicago truncatula and five sea saline water levels (0.6, 3.8, 6.4, 9.6, and 14.2) ds/m. Findings: The result of Analysis of variance showed that germination percentage in electrical conductivity, 3.8, 6.4 and 9.6 ds/m, there was not seen a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between two species (M. polymorpha and M. scutellata) and species (M. truncatula and M. litoralis). During the establishment phase (60 days), there was a significant difference between each species (p ≤ 0.05). In electrical conductivity of 3.8 and 6.4, M. polymorpha species showed a significant difference with other species, but there was no significant difference between the other three species. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that M. polymorha, M.scutellata species show more tolerance in salinity conditions (p≤0.05).
- Glenn, E., . Hicks, N., Riley, J. Swingle, R., 1996. Seawater irrigation of halophytes for animal feed. Halophytes and Biosaline Agriculture, Vol. 6, pp. 221–236.
- Akhani, H., Ghorbanli, M., 1993. A contribution to the halophytic venation and flora of Iran. towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants. tasks in vegetation science. kluwer academic publishers, the netherlands. Vol. 11, pp. 403 – 422. (In Persian)
- Le Houerou, H.N., 1996. Forage halophytes in the Mediterranean basin. Halophytes and Biosaline Agriculture. Marcel Dekker. Vol.4, pp. 115-136.
- Jalali, V.R., Homayi, M., Saber, M., Eskandari, M., 2008. Comparison of canola germination in solution of CaCl2, NaCl+ and natural saltwater. J. Soil and Water. Vol.2, pp. 209-218. (In Persian)
- Maathius, F.J.M., Amtmann, A., 1999. K+ nutrition and N+ toxicity: the basis of cellular K+/ N+ ratios. Annals of Botany. Vol.4, 123-133.
- Omidi, s., Nowruz nejad, M., 2009. Investigation of salinity fluctuations in the waters of bushehr province. International Gulf Conference. Bushehr Azad University .(In Persian)
- Demir, M., Ozturk, A., 2003. Effects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Vol. 27, pp. 224 -227.
- El-Sayed, H., El- Haddad, M., Noaman, M., 2001. Leaching requirement and salinity threshold for the yield and agronomic characteristics of halophytes under salt stress. Journal of Arid Environments. Vol.4, pp.865-874.
- Mirmohammadi Meybodi, S.A., Gharayazi, B., 2003. Salt stress and physiological aspects of plant breeding. Pub. Esfahan University. PP.245. (In Persian)
- Naseri, A., Jalili, A., Arzani, H., Jafari, M., 1998. Studying some interactions of Atriplex canescens in Kerman Province. Pajuhesh & Sazandegi. Vol.39, pp. 28-35. (In Persian)
- Fakhari, F., Sadeghi, H., 2016. Effect of seed pod removal on tolerance to Medicago scutellata annual salinity in germination stage. Iranian Journal of Seed Research. Vol.1, pp. 147-157. (In Persian)
- Dorry, M.A., 2008. Forage Production of Eight Annual Medic Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions of Golestan Province. Journal of Agricaltural Sciences Technology. Vol.10, pp. 185-190.
- 13. Arab, L., Ehsanpour, A., 2013. Improvement of some physiological responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Under in vitro salt stress using Triadimefon. Biological Journal. Vol.3, pp. 31-40. (In Persian)
- Mahmoudi, A., Bijan Zadeh, A., Zraei, A., 2012. Salt stress on germination and seedling growth of two species of annual hay (Medicago scutellata, Medicago polymorpha). Journal of desert ecosystem engineering. Vol.1, pp. 1-20 .(In Persian)
- Ashrafi, A., Razmjou, J., Zahedi, M., 2015. Effect of salinity stress on biochemical characteristics of seedlings and its relationship with tolerance to salinity of alfalfa cultivars under field conditions. Research and Development Journal. Vol.4, pp. 43-58. (In Persian)
- Forouzanfar, M., Taghavi, M., Peighambari, R., Jafari, P., Nassiri Kamalabadi, S., 2014. Evaluation of salinity tolerance in different ecotypes of Medicago truncatula. Journal of Genetic Research and Reproduction of Rangelands and Forests of Iran. Vol.1, pp. 43-54. (In Persian)
- Ekiz, H., Yilmaz, A., 2003. Determination of the salt tolerance of some barley genotypes and the characteristics affecting tolerance. Turk Journal of Agricaltur for. Vol.4, PP. 253-260.
- Turhan, A., Kuscu, H., Ozmen, N., Sitki Serbeci, M., Osman Demir, A., 2014. Effect of different concentrations of diluted seawater on yield and quality of lettuce. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol.1, pp. 111-116.
- Abusuwar, A., 2004. Technologies of Production and Preserving of Alfalfa. University of Khartoum. pp. 3-14.
- Allen, S.G., Dobrenz, A.K., Schonhorst. M.H., Stoner, J.E., 1985. Heritability of NaCl tolerance in germinating alfalfa seeds. Agricaltural Journal.Vol.77, pp. 49-101.
- Manchanda, G., Grag. N., 2008. Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiology plants. Vol. 30, pp. 595-618.
- Volkmar, K.M., Hu, Y., Steppuhn, H., 1998. Physiological response of plants to salinity: A review. Journal Plant Science. Vol.78, pp.19-27.
- Mohammad, R. M., Campbell, W. F., Rumbaugh, M. D., 1989. Variation in salt tolerance of alfalfa. Arid Land Research and Management. Vol.3, pp.11 – 20.
- Yang, H., Hu, J., Long, X., Liu, Z., Rengel, Z., 2016. Salinity altered root distribution and increased diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Jerusalem artichoke. Scientific report. Vol.6, pp. 1-10.
- Al-khateeb, S.A., 2005. Effect of salinity and K/Na ratio on seedling growth and ion ontents of alfalfa. Journal of Agronomy. Vol.2, pp. 175-181.
- Zekri, M., Parsons, R., 1992. Salinity tolerance of citrus rootstocks: Effects of salt on root and leaf mineral concentrations. Plant and Soil.Vol.2, pp. 171-181.
- Anand, A., Baig, M.J., Mandal, P.K., 2000. Response of alfalfa genotypes. Biological Plant arum.Springer. Vol.3, pp. 455-457.
- Vaughan, J., Macadam, E., Smith, M., Dudley, M., 2016. Root Growth and Yield of Differing Alfalfa Rooting Populations under Increasing Salinity and Zero Leaching. Crop Science.Vol.42, pp. 2064-2072.
- Amirul Alam, Md., Juraimi, A.S., Rafii, M.Y., Hamid. A.A., 2015. Effect of Salinity on Biomass Yield and Physiological and Stem-Root Anatomical Characteristics of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Biomed Res.Vol.8, pp.1-16.
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- Glenn, E., . Hicks, N., Riley, J. Swingle, R., 1996. Seawater irrigation of halophytes for animal feed. Halophytes and Biosaline Agriculture, Vol. 6, pp. 221–236.
- Akhani, H., Ghorbanli, M., 1993. A contribution to the halophytic venation and flora of Iran. towards the rational use of high salinity tolerant plants. tasks in vegetation science. kluwer academic publishers, the netherlands. Vol. 11, pp. 403 – 422. (In Persian)
- Le Houerou, H.N., 1996. Forage halophytes in the Mediterranean basin. Halophytes and Biosaline Agriculture. Marcel Dekker. Vol.4, pp. 115-136.
- Jalali, V.R., Homayi, M., Saber, M., Eskandari, M., 2008. Comparison of canola germination in solution of CaCl2, NaCl+ and natural saltwater. J. Soil and Water. Vol.2, pp. 209-218. (In Persian)
- Maathius, F.J.M., Amtmann, A., 1999. K+ nutrition and N+ toxicity: the basis of cellular K+/ N+ ratios. Annals of Botany. Vol.4, 123-133.
- Omidi, s., Nowruz nejad, M., 2009. Investigation of salinity fluctuations in the waters of bushehr province. International Gulf Conference. Bushehr Azad University .(In Persian)
- Demir, M., Ozturk, A., 2003. Effects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Vol. 27, pp. 224 -227.
- El-Sayed, H., El- Haddad, M., Noaman, M., 2001. Leaching requirement and salinity threshold for the yield and agronomic characteristics of halophytes under salt stress. Journal of Arid Environments. Vol.4, pp.865-874.
- Mirmohammadi Meybodi, S.A., Gharayazi, B., 2003. Salt stress and physiological aspects of plant breeding. Pub. Esfahan University. PP.245. (In Persian)
- Naseri, A., Jalili, A., Arzani, H., Jafari, M., 1998. Studying some interactions of Atriplex canescens in Kerman Province. Pajuhesh & Sazandegi. Vol.39, pp. 28-35. (In Persian)
- Fakhari, F., Sadeghi, H., 2016. Effect of seed pod removal on tolerance to Medicago scutellata annual salinity in germination stage. Iranian Journal of Seed Research. Vol.1, pp. 147-157. (In Persian)
- Dorry, M.A., 2008. Forage Production of Eight Annual Medic Cultivars under Rainfed Conditions of Golestan Province. Journal of Agricaltural Sciences Technology. Vol.10, pp. 185-190.
- 13. Arab, L., Ehsanpour, A., 2013. Improvement of some physiological responses of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Under in vitro salt stress using Triadimefon. Biological Journal. Vol.3, pp. 31-40. (In Persian)
- Mahmoudi, A., Bijan Zadeh, A., Zraei, A., 2012. Salt stress on germination and seedling growth of two species of annual hay (Medicago scutellata, Medicago polymorpha). Journal of desert ecosystem engineering. Vol.1, pp. 1-20 .(In Persian)
- Ashrafi, A., Razmjou, J., Zahedi, M., 2015. Effect of salinity stress on biochemical characteristics of seedlings and its relationship with tolerance to salinity of alfalfa cultivars under field conditions. Research and Development Journal. Vol.4, pp. 43-58. (In Persian)
- Forouzanfar, M., Taghavi, M., Peighambari, R., Jafari, P., Nassiri Kamalabadi, S., 2014. Evaluation of salinity tolerance in different ecotypes of Medicago truncatula. Journal of Genetic Research and Reproduction of Rangelands and Forests of Iran. Vol.1, pp. 43-54. (In Persian)
- Ekiz, H., Yilmaz, A., 2003. Determination of the salt tolerance of some barley genotypes and the characteristics affecting tolerance. Turk Journal of Agricaltur for. Vol.4, PP. 253-260.
- Turhan, A., Kuscu, H., Ozmen, N., Sitki Serbeci, M., Osman Demir, A., 2014. Effect of different concentrations of diluted seawater on yield and quality of lettuce. Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research. Vol.1, pp. 111-116.
- Abusuwar, A., 2004. Technologies of Production and Preserving of Alfalfa. University of Khartoum. pp. 3-14.
- Allen, S.G., Dobrenz, A.K., Schonhorst. M.H., Stoner, J.E., 1985. Heritability of NaCl tolerance in germinating alfalfa seeds. Agricaltural Journal.Vol.77, pp. 49-101.
- Manchanda, G., Grag. N., 2008. Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiology plants. Vol. 30, pp. 595-618.
- Volkmar, K.M., Hu, Y., Steppuhn, H., 1998. Physiological response of plants to salinity: A review. Journal Plant Science. Vol.78, pp.19-27.
- Mohammad, R. M., Campbell, W. F., Rumbaugh, M. D., 1989. Variation in salt tolerance of alfalfa. Arid Land Research and Management. Vol.3, pp.11 – 20.
- Yang, H., Hu, J., Long, X., Liu, Z., Rengel, Z., 2016. Salinity altered root distribution and increased diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of Jerusalem artichoke. Scientific report. Vol.6, pp. 1-10.
- Al-khateeb, S.A., 2005. Effect of salinity and K/Na ratio on seedling growth and ion ontents of alfalfa. Journal of Agronomy. Vol.2, pp. 175-181.
- Zekri, M., Parsons, R., 1992. Salinity tolerance of citrus rootstocks: Effects of salt on root and leaf mineral concentrations. Plant and Soil.Vol.2, pp. 171-181.
- Anand, A., Baig, M.J., Mandal, P.K., 2000. Response of alfalfa genotypes. Biological Plant arum.Springer. Vol.3, pp. 455-457.
- Vaughan, J., Macadam, E., Smith, M., Dudley, M., 2016. Root Growth and Yield of Differing Alfalfa Rooting Populations under Increasing Salinity and Zero Leaching. Crop Science.Vol.42, pp. 2064-2072.
- Amirul Alam, Md., Juraimi, A.S., Rafii, M.Y., Hamid. A.A., 2015. Effect of Salinity on Biomass Yield and Physiological and Stem-Root Anatomical Characteristics of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Biomed Res.Vol.8, pp.1-16.