تحلیل اثر هندسه‌ی پلان و توانمندی معماران سنتی بر گونه‌شناسی فرمِ معماری کبوترخانه‌های اصفهان

محورهای موضوعی : معماری و شهرسازی

افروز رحیمی آریایی ¹ ( استادیار گروه معماری، آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی غیردولتی سپهر دانش معاصر اصفهان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات) )
نیما ولی بیگ ² ( استادیار دانشکده مرمت، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، کوچه سنگتراش‌ها دانشکده مرمتِ دانشگاه هنر ساختمان داوید. )

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/06/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/11/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/03/01

کلید واژه: توان‌مندی استادکار سنتی, معماری برج‌کفتر, معماری اصفهان, ویژگی‌های هندسی, گونه‌شناسیِ کبوترخانه,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: کبوترخانه ها از لحاظ معماری، سازه و تزئینات دارای ویژگی های برجسته ای هستند؛ تحلیل هندسه شکلی و گونه شناسیِ آن ها، نه تنها نقش به سزایی در شناختِ معماری سنتی ایرانی دارد، بلکه می تواند از فراموشیِ این بناهای همسان و تابع محیط طبیعی نیز جلوگیری کند. به اعتقاد نگارندگان بین خلاقیت معماران سنتی، تناسبات، فرم و اندازه ی پلان، با انواع کبوترخانه های محدوه اصفهان، رابطه مستقیم وجود دارد. لذا هدف، تحلیلِ نقش هندسه در فرم نهایی کبوترخانه های اصفهان است. کبوترخانه ها برای نخستین بار به صورت توصیفی مورد توجه سیاحان قرار گرفتند و برخی علاوه بر بررسی جنبه های شکلی، کالبد و سازه ی آن ها را دسته بندی کرده اند. این پژوهش گونه شناسیِ جامعی از کبوترخانه ها با دیدگاه هندسی ارایه خواهد کرد. روش بررسی: روش تحقیق توصیفی، مقایسه ای و تحلیلی، است. اطلاعات از طریق منابع کتابخانه ای و میدانی، به دست آمده است. یافته ها: مشخص گردید که بین ارتفاع با تعداد طبقات، قطر کبوترخانه، استوانه های میانی و ضخامت دیواره ی آن، ارتباط معناداری وجوددارد. شکل ها، هندسه کالبد و ابعاد گوناگون پلان از یکسو و خلاقیت معماران از سوی دیگر، احجام گوناگونی را در ساختار کبوترخانه های شهر اصفهان پدید آورده اند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: براساس یافته ها به لحاظ هندسه ی پلان، دوازده گونه(رایج ترین مدور ساده)، از نظر حجم چهارگونه ی اصلی، و برپایه ی تعداد طبقات سه گونه شناسایی شد. همچنین به طور معمول نسبت ارتفاع به دهانه حدود دوبرابر است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Dove towers have outstanding architectural, structural and decorative characteristics. Geometric and typological examination of dove towers not only paves the way to understand Persian traditional architecture, but also prevents these environment-friendly structures from being forgotten. According to the authors, there is a direct relationship between the creativity of traditional architects, proportions, form and size of the plan, with different types of dove towers in Isfahan. Accordingly, the present study aimed to analyze the final form of dove towers in Isfahan from the aspect of geometric features. Historically, certain foreign travelers have described some of the dove towers in Isfahan. Some travelers have also made attempt to describe them physically and structurally. This study will provide a comprehensive typology of dove towers from a geometric perspective.Method: The methodology has been descriptive, comparative and analytic in nature. Also, data were collected based on library sources and field studies. Findings: It was found that there is a significant relationship between height and the number of floors, the diameter of the dove towers, the middle cylinders and its wall thickness. The shapes, the geometry of the body and the various dimensions of the plan on the one hand and the creativity of the architects on the other hand, have created different volumes in the structure of the pigeon houses in Isfahan.

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