مکانیابی محل دفن نخالههای ساختمانی با استفاده از GIS و روش AHP (مطالعه موردی: شهر همدان)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت پسماندفاطمه جعفری نوبخت 1 , مهرداد چراغی 2 , بهاره لرستانی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد همدان
2 - دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد همدان
3 - دانشیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد همدان
کلید واژه: سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) وAHP, نخالههای ساختمانی, مکانیابی محل دفن, پسماندها,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: رشد جمعیت، توسعه شهرنشینی و افزایش فعالیتهای انسانی رهآوردهای مختلفی از جمله تولید و تجمیع مواد زاید و به دنبال آن آلودگیهای محیطزیست را بههمراه خواهد داشت. در کشورهای در حال توسعه، نخالههای ساختمانی بخش بزرگی از زباله شهری را به خود اختصاص میدهند که علاوه بر هزینه بسیار برای دفع آن، عواقب نامطلوبی نیز بر محیطزیست دارند. از آنجا که نخالههای ساختمانی به دلیل حجیم بودن فضای زیادی را اشغال میکنند، لذا دفع آنها در محلهای دفن زباله منجر به کاهش عمر مفید این محلها میشود و یافتن مکان جدید جهت دفن نخالههای ساختمانی ضرورت مییابد. روش بررسی: جستجو برای یافتن مکان جدید دفن مواد زاید، فرآیندی پیچیده و وقتگیر بوده و نیازمند سیستمی توانا و کارآمد است، چنانچه با استفاده از GIS و تلفیق لایههای اطلاعاتی مختلف و در نظر گرفتن معیارهای محیطزیستی، اجتماعی و اقتصادی، میتوان مناسبترین مکان را برای دفن نخالههای ساختمانی مکان یابی نمود. در تحقیق حاضر، 16 معیار (شیب، کاربری اراضی، مراکز مسکونی، تجاری و صنعتی، روستاها، راه ها (شامل 3 لایه بزرگراه، راه اصلی و راه فرعی)، آب ها (شامل 6 لایه چاه، چشمه، قنات، رودخانه، سد و آبراهه)، آثار باستانی، باند فرودگاه و معادن) در انجام فرآیند مکان یابی دخیل اند، بهطوریکه ابتدا اقدام به تهیه نقشههای حریم و فواصل شد و سپس به منظور دست یابی به اطمینان بیشتر، امتیازدهی به طبقات یا فواصل پارامترها به سه شیوه صورت گرفت. وزن دهی به معیارها با نرم افزار Expert Choice و به شیوه تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) صورت گرفت. یافته ها: نتایج حاصل از سه نوع امتیازدهی به منظور انجام آنالیز چند معیاره نشان داد که تفاوت چندانی در نتایج حاصل از روش های مختلف امتیازدهی مشاهده نمی شود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاصل از تلفیق 16 پارامتر دخیل در مکان یابی در نرم فزار ArcGIS 9.3، نشان داد که پهنههای مستعد جهت دفن نخاله های ساختمانیِ شهر همدان، اغلب در یک قاچ 90 درجه ای و در شرق شهر همدان واقع شدهاند.
Background and Objectives: Population growth, urban development, and increased human activities will bring various outcomes, including the production and accumulation of waste, followed by environmental pollution. In developing countries, construction waste accounts for a large proportion of municipal waste, which in addition to the high cost of disposal, also has adverse effects on the environment. Because construction debris takes up a lot of space due to its bulk, disposing of it in landfills reduces the useful life of these areas and it is necessary to find a new place to bury construction debris. Method: Searching for a new landfill is a complex and time consuming process and requires a capable and efficient system, as using GIS and combining different layers of information and considering environmental, social and economic criteria, the most suitable landfill can be found. Located a building. In the present study, 16 criteria (slope, land use, residential, commercial and industrial centers, villages, roads (including 3 layers of highways, main roads and side roads), water (including 6 layers of wells, springs, aqueducts, Rivers, dams and waterways), antiquities, airport runways and mines) are involved in the location process, so that privacy and distance maps are prepared first ,then, in order to achieve more reliability, scoring the classes or parameter intervals was done in three ways. Criteria were weighted using Expert Choice software and hierarchical analysis (AHP). Findings: The results of the three types of scoring to multi-criteria analysis showed that there were significant differences in the results of different methods of scoring. Discussion and Conclusions: The results of combining 16 parameters involved in site selection in software Arc GIS9.3 showed that the appropriate zones for construction and demolition wastes buried in Hamadan, often are located in a 90-degree slice.
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2. Jaafarzadeh, N., Takdastan, A., Abtahi, M., 2004, Separation, recycling and disposal of construction wastes, Waste Management, 2(3): 31-39 (In Persian).
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6. Coronado, M., Dosal, E., Coz, A., Viguri, J. R., Andres, A., 2011, Estimation of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) generation and multicriteria analysis of C&DW management alternatives: A case study in Spain, Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2: 209-225.
7. Bolouri Bazzaz, J., Zanjani, M.M,, 2010, An investigation on the strength of road base materials made of recycled construction debris, Transportation Research Journal, 7(2): 119-133 (In Persian).
8. Ghauor, Z., Razmara, M., 2018, Landfil location in Quchan city using the integration of the GIS system and the MCDA method, Journal of Environmental Geology, 12(42): 11-20 (In Persian).
9. Boroumandi, M., Khamehchyian, M., Nikoudel, M.R., 2015, Hazardous wastes landfill site selection using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in Zanjan Province, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(4): 97-109 (In Persian).
10. Sener, S., Sener, E., Nas, B., Karaguzel, R., 2010, Combining AHP with GIS for landfill site selection: A case study in the Lake Beysehir catchment area (Konya, Turkey), Waste Management, 30: 2037-2046.
11. Azimi Hosseini, M., Nazari Far, M.H., Moemeni, R., 2014, Application of GIS in site selection, Mehregan Ghalam Publication, Tehran, pp 304 (In Persian).
12. Fataee, E., Alesheikh, A., 2009, Housing site selection of landfills for urban solid wastes using GIS technology and analytical Hierarchy process (A case study in the city of Givi), Environmental Sciences, 6(3): 145-158 (In Persian).
13. Amini, J., Karami, J., Alimohammadi Sarab, A., Hashemi, S.H., 2010, Evaluation of fuzzy screening, AHP and AHP-OWA decision making methods in site selection for rural sports-cultural centers (Case study: Cani Bzar, Mahabad), IranianRemote Sensing & GIS, 1(4): 41-54 (In Persian).
14. Shahabi, H., Barzegar, S., Keihanfard, S., Keyhanfard, S., 2011, Comparison and evaluation frequently and AHP methods in ranking site selection (Case study: 4 region of Tehran 15 zone), Journal of Geograpical Sciences, 18(21): 111-129 (In Persian).
15. Karimi, V., Ebadi, H., Ahmadi, S., 2007, Modeling the site selection of urban facilities using GIS with emphasis on the location of multi-storey car parks, Geomatics Conference, 6 p (In Persian).
16. Matkan, A.A., Shakiba, A., Pourali, S.H., Ebadi, E., 2009, Crisp and fuzzy decision making in multistore public parking lots, Environmental Sciences, 6(3): 207-222 (In Persian).
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1. Shokohian, M., Najafian Razavi, A., 2011, Management and approach of reduction of environmental pollution of construction wastes and their recycling, 6th National Congress on Civil Engineering, Semnan University, 8 p (In Persian).
2. Jaafarzadeh, N., Takdastan, A., Abtahi, M., 2004, Separation, recycling and disposal of construction wastes, Waste Management, 2(3): 31-39 (In Persian).
3. Mousavi, A., Hafezi Moghadas, N., 2011, Environmental organizing of construction wastes of city of Shahrood, The 7th Iranian conference of engineering geology and the Environment, Shahrood University of Technology, 11 p (In Persian).
4. Rezaei, H., Lashgari Pour G.R., 2009. Geotechnical properties of construction waste and their application in construction projects, 6th Iranian Conference of Engineering Geology and the Environment, Tarbiat Modares University, 7 p (In Persian).
5. Matkan, A.A., Shakib, A.R., Pouali, S.H., Nazmfar, H., 2009, Urban waste landfill site selection by GIS (Case study: Tabriz City), Environmental Sciences, 6(2): 121-132 (In Persian).
6. Coronado, M., Dosal, E., Coz, A., Viguri, J. R., Andres, A., 2011, Estimation of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) generation and multicriteria analysis of C&DW management alternatives: A case study in Spain, Waste and Biomass Valorization, 2: 209-225.
7. Bolouri Bazzaz, J., Zanjani, M.M,, 2010, An investigation on the strength of road base materials made of recycled construction debris, Transportation Research Journal, 7(2): 119-133 (In Persian).
8. Ghauor, Z., Razmara, M., 2018, Landfil location in Quchan city using the integration of the GIS system and the MCDA method, Journal of Environmental Geology, 12(42): 11-20 (In Persian).
9. Boroumandi, M., Khamehchyian, M., Nikoudel, M.R., 2015, Hazardous wastes landfill site selection using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in Zanjan Province, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 16(4): 97-109 (In Persian).
10. Sener, S., Sener, E., Nas, B., Karaguzel, R., 2010, Combining AHP with GIS for landfill site selection: A case study in the Lake Beysehir catchment area (Konya, Turkey), Waste Management, 30: 2037-2046.
11. Azimi Hosseini, M., Nazari Far, M.H., Moemeni, R., 2014, Application of GIS in site selection, Mehregan Ghalam Publication, Tehran, pp 304 (In Persian).
12. Fataee, E., Alesheikh, A., 2009, Housing site selection of landfills for urban solid wastes using GIS technology and analytical Hierarchy process (A case study in the city of Givi), Environmental Sciences, 6(3): 145-158 (In Persian).
13. Amini, J., Karami, J., Alimohammadi Sarab, A., Hashemi, S.H., 2010, Evaluation of fuzzy screening, AHP and AHP-OWA decision making methods in site selection for rural sports-cultural centers (Case study: Cani Bzar, Mahabad), IranianRemote Sensing & GIS, 1(4): 41-54 (In Persian).
14. Shahabi, H., Barzegar, S., Keihanfard, S., Keyhanfard, S., 2011, Comparison and evaluation frequently and AHP methods in ranking site selection (Case study: 4 region of Tehran 15 zone), Journal of Geograpical Sciences, 18(21): 111-129 (In Persian).
15. Karimi, V., Ebadi, H., Ahmadi, S., 2007, Modeling the site selection of urban facilities using GIS with emphasis on the location of multi-storey car parks, Geomatics Conference, 6 p (In Persian).
16. Matkan, A.A., Shakiba, A., Pourali, S.H., Ebadi, E., 2009, Crisp and fuzzy decision making in multistore public parking lots, Environmental Sciences, 6(3): 207-222 (In Persian).