بررسی غلظت عناصر آهن، سرب و کادمیوم نزولات جوی مناطق پرترافیک شهر همدان

محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)

بهاره بهارمستیان ¹ (دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.)
سهیل سبحان اردکانی ² (استاد گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران. (مسئول مکاتبات))
سعید جامه بزرگی ³ (دانشیار گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، واحد همدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، همدان، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/14 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/09/01

کلید واژه: نزولات ‌جوی, همدان, فلز سنگین, رواناب, ترافیک,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: بدون شک یکی از مهم ترین مسایل محیط زیستی تهدیدکننده سلامت افراد در کلان شهرهای ایران ، مشکل آلودگی هوا است. نزولات جوی مؤثرترین راه زدایش آلاینده ها از اتمسفر است و فلزات سنگین موجود در آن می تواند به خوبی نمایان‌گر وضعیت آلودگی محیطی در نواحی مختلف شهری باشد . لذا، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی غلظت عناصر آهن، سرب و کادمیوم در نزولات جوی مناطق پر ترافیک شهر همدان در فصل زمستان سال 1392 انجام یافت. روش بررسی: 24 نمونه نزولات جوی از 8 ایستگاه پرتردد مستقر در سطح شهر همدان برداشت و به بطری های پلی اتیلنی منتقل شد. به هر بطری چند قطره اسید نیتریک به منظور رساندن pH نمونه ها به 2 افزوده شد. بعد از طی مراحل آماده سازی آزمایشگاهی، غلظت عناصر در نمونه ها به‌روش طیف‌سنجی نوری پلاسمای جفت‌شده القایی (ICP-OES) خوانده شد. پردازش آماری داده ها توسط نرم افزار SPSS انجام یافت. یافته ها: میانگین غلظت عناصر آهن، سرب و کادمیوم در نمونه ها (میکرو گرم در لیتر) به ترتیب برابر با 62/142±50/69، 94/8±25/10 و 29/ 0 ±61/17 و در مورد عنصر کادمیوم بیش تر از رهنمود سازمان بهداشت جهانی برای تخلیه به منابع آب سطحی بود. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که میانگین غلظت عناصر سرب و به‌ویژه کادمیوم در نزولات جوی و به‌تبع آن در رواناب حاصل به‌واسطه حجم بالای ترافیک شهری و آلاینده های منتشرشده ناشی از آن بالا بوده است. از این‌رو، برای جلوگیری از تهدید منابع پذیرنده آب سطحی و زیرزمینی و حفظ سلامت مصرف کنندگان، اندیشیدن تمهیداتی برای جمع آوری و تصفیه رواناب ناشی از نزولات جوی توصیه می‌شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Air pollution is one of the most important environmental problems which can lead to the human health effects especially in the metropolitans. ­ Atmospheric precipitation including rain and snow are the most effective way for removing pollutant from the atmosphere and its heavy metals can describe the variability of the environmental pollution in different urban areas. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the metal (Fe, Pb and Cd) concentrations in the atmospheric precipitation collected from high traffic intensity areas of city of Hamedan in 2014. Method: A total of 24 snow samples were collected from 8 selected stations located in different regions of city of Hamedan with high traffic intensity. The samples were stored in polyethylene bottles and were acidified at a pH lower than 2 by adding concentrated HNO3 in order to avoid metal adsorption onto the inner bottle walls. Element (Fe, Pb and Cd) concentrations were determined using ICP-OES. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS software. Findings: The results showed that the mean concentrations (µg/L) of Fe, Pb and Cd in snow samples were 69.5 ± 143, 10.2 ± 8.94 and 17.6 ± 0.290, respectively. Also, the mean concentrations of Cd were significantly higher than maximum permissible limits established by WHO. Conclusion: The results indicate that rainfall collected from the high traffic intensity regions of city of Hamedan is polluted with Cd due to the high traffic volumes and their emitted pollutions, therefore, for maintaining of surface and groundwater resources and also public health consider the suitable strategies is recommended.

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