مدیریت مصرف حاملهای انرژی و میزان انتشار آلایندهها با استفاده از مدل Leap در شهرک صنعتی لیا در استان قزوین
محورهای موضوعی :
مدیریت ، برنامه ریزی و آموزش محیط زیست
محمدسعید محمدی
1
,
سید مصطفی خضری
2
,
علیرضا وفایی نژاد
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی گروه مدیریت محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - دانشکده مهندسی عمران ، آب و محیط زیست ، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/10/27
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/05/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/12/01
کلید واژه:
حاملهای انرژی,
تحلیل سناریو,
مدل Leap,
صنایع کشور,
انتشار گازهای گلخانهای,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: توسعه صنعتی- اقتصادی در کشورهای در حال توسعه نیاز مضاعفی در دسترسی بیشتر به حاملهای انرژی در مقایسه با کشورهای توسعه یافته ایجاد کرده است. علاوه بر آن ارتقاء استانداردهای زندگی در جوامع در حال توسعه، در دهههای اخیر باعث افزایش تقاضای حاملهای انرژی در جهت دسترسی به امکانات و رفاه بیشتر را به دنبال داشته است. در این مطالعه تاثیر اعمال سیاستهای مختلف به منظور کاهش انتشار آلاینده های هوا (دی اکسید کربن) و صرفهجوئی انرژی در صنایع ایران توسط مدل برنامهریزی انرژی مورد بررسی و ارزیابی قرار گرفته است.
روش بررسی: ابتدا مقادیر ورودی منابع انرژی مختلف همچون گاز، برق و سوخت فسیلی در فرآیند تولید صنایع مورد بررسی قرار گرفت ،سپس عوامل موثر در تولید گازهای گلخانهای در صنایع شناسائی گردید، پس از آن روند گذشته و وضعیت فعلی صنایع ایران و سیاستهای دولت برای کاهش انتشار دیاکسیدکربن در این برنامه ریزی لحاظ شد و همچنین توسعه فناوریهای جدید بهره وری انرژی در صنایع به منظور برآورد کاهش تقاضای انرژی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. در راستای این هدف، میزان انتشار گازهای گلخانهای در یک سناریوی پایه منطبق بر ادامه روند موجود در صنایع کنونی و همچنین تعیین تقاضای فعلی و آینده صنایع ایران در طی سالهای 2019 تا 2035 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت..
یافته ها: با در نظر گرفتن تولیدات فعلی و آینده در صنایع کشور میزان انرژی و انتشار دیاکسیدکربن در صنایع کشور توسط مدل Leap در سناریوی پایه تعیین گردید. سپس چهار سناریوی جایگزین فناوری های صرفهجوئی انرژی و کاهش انتشار دیاکسیدکربن شامل توسعه صنایع و ظرفیت سازی، افزایش احتمالی قیمت سوخت و برق، اجرای استانداردهای مصرف سوخت و بهره گیری از فناوری های CHP برای یک دوره 15 ساله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت .یافته ها حاکی از آن بود که اعمال توام این سیاست ها منجر به کاهش بیشتری در انتشار گاز co2 معادل خواهد شد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که میزان انتشار کل co2 در شهر صنعتی لیا قزوین در سال مطالعه(1399) معادل صنعت از 61 میلیون تن درسناریوی پایه، به 53 میلیون تن( معادل 15 درصد کاهش) در سناریوی کاهش انتشار در سال 2035 میرسد. در صورتی که در اثر اعمال سیاست تغییر سوخت، میزان انتشار دیاکسیدکربن معادل کل به 58 میلیون تن کاهش یافته (معادل 5 درصد کاهش) و اعمال سیاست بهرهوری انرژی منجر به انتشار 55 میلیون تن (معادل 9/10درصد کاهش) co2 معادل تا سال 2035 میگردد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Industrial-economic development in developing countries has created a double need for greater access to energy carriers compared to developed countries. In addition, improving living standards in developing societies in recent decades has led to an increase in the demand for energy carriers for access to greater facilities and amenities. In this study, the effect of applying different policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and energy savings in Iranian industries has been investigated and evaluated by the energy planning model.
Material and Methodology: First the input values of various energy sources such as gas, electricity and fossil fuels in the industrial production process were investigated. Then, the factors affecting the production of greenhouse gases in industries were identified, then the past trend and the current state of Iranian industries and government policies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as well as the development of new energy efficiency technologies in industry were used to estimate energy demand. In line with this goal, the amount of greenhouse gas emissions in a baseline scenario in accordance with the continuation of the current trend (BAU) in current industries and also to determine the current and future demand of Iranian industries during the years 2019 to 2035 has been studied.
Findings: four alternative scenarios of energy saving technologies and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions were considered, including industry development and capacity building, possible increase in fuel and electricity prices, implementation of fuel consumption standards, and use of CHP technologies for a period of 15 years. Therefore, the combined implementation of these two policies will lead to a reduction of 8 million tons of emissions (equivalent to a 13% reduction in emissions) equivalent to total CO2.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results show that the total CO2 emissions equivalent to the industry will increase from 61 million tons in the baseline scenario to 53 million tons in the 2035 emission reduction scenario. However, due to the implementation of the fuel change policy, the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions has been reduced to 58 million tons (equivalent to 4.9% reduction) and also the implementation of energy efficiency policy has led to the emission of 55 million tons (equivalent to 9.8% reduction) equivalent CO2 will run until 2035.
منابع و مأخذ:
Sadeghi, 1994, Greenhouse gases, Study of emission factors and limiting technologies, Office of Environmental Research. (In Persian)
Abdoli, 1997. Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in Iran. The First National Energy Conference of Iran (Strategic Energy Issues) Tehran, pp. 41-55. (In Persian)
Taqdisian,. Minapur. 2003. Climate change, what we need to know. Tehran: Publications of the Environmental Research Center of the Environmental Protection Organization, National Water Plan Office. (In Persian)
Danesh,. 2003. An Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Different Subdivisions of the Country, Environmental Research Center of the Environmental Protection Organization. (In Persian)
Turkmani et al., 2005. Policy-making of energy resources in the industrial sector with environmental standards, Office of National Climate Change Plan, Environmental Protection Organization. (In Persian)
Rahimi Nastaran 2002. Investigating the trend of greenhouse gas emissions in the domestic-commercial, agricultural and transportation sectors. Department of Environment Planning Office of the Deputy Minister of Energy of the Ministry of Energy, Science and Technology of the Environment, pp. 63-78. (In Persian)
Sadeghi 2003. Energy resources policy in the industrial sector with environmental standards, Sharif University of Technology. (In Persian)
Iran Energy Productivity Organization (SABA). 2005. Investigating the needs of technology transfer in order to deal with the effects of climate change. Ministry of Energy - Deputy Minister of Energy. (In Persian)
Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Set of Iranian Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations, Text of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Legal Office and Parliamentary Affairs. (In Persian)
Environmental Protection Agency in cooperation with the United Nations Development Program. 2003. First National Climate Change Report, published by the Environmental Protection Agency. (In Persian)
International Energy Study Institute. 2004. Forecast of the country's energy demand by segments of energy carriers, Ministry of Oil. (In Persian)
Ebrahimi 2008. Methods to reduce emissions of non-energy group of industrial processes, Environmental Protection Organization. (In Persian)
Shakeri et al. Journal of Iran Energy Economics Research Year 8, Issue 2, Winter 1397 Pages 1-4 Simulation of Iran Energy Balance Sheet for Year 1 and Designing Demands for Demand and Supply Management Using LEAP Modeling. (In Persian)
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Moradi, Mohammad, Ahmadi, Somayeh and Amidpour, Majid (2017, Development of energy demand model at the national level using LEAP modeler, Energy Planning and Policy Research, First Year, No. 3, pp. 5-82. (In Persian)
Wang, Y., Gu, A., Zhang, A., (2010). Recent development of energy supply and demand in China, and energy sector prospects through 2030. Energy Policy.
Yophy, H., Jeffrey, B.Y., Chieh-Yu, P., (2010). The long-term forecast of Taiwan’s energy supply and demand: LEAP model application. Energy Policy.
Zamani, M., (2007). Energy consumption and economic activities in Iran. Energy Economics, 29, 1135–1140
Wang, K. 2007. Scenario analysis on CO2 emissions reduction potential in Chinas iron and steel industry. Energy Policy.No:35. pp. 2320-2335
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Sadeghi, 1994, Greenhouse gases, Study of emission factors and limiting technologies, Office of Environmental Research. (In Persian)
Abdoli, 1997. Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions in Iran. The First National Energy Conference of Iran (Strategic Energy Issues) Tehran, pp. 41-55. (In Persian)
Taqdisian,. Minapur. 2003. Climate change, what we need to know. Tehran: Publications of the Environmental Research Center of the Environmental Protection Organization, National Water Plan Office. (In Persian)
Danesh,. 2003. An Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Different Subdivisions of the Country, Environmental Research Center of the Environmental Protection Organization. (In Persian)
Turkmani et al., 2005. Policy-making of energy resources in the industrial sector with environmental standards, Office of National Climate Change Plan, Environmental Protection Organization. (In Persian)
Rahimi Nastaran 2002. Investigating the trend of greenhouse gas emissions in the domestic-commercial, agricultural and transportation sectors. Department of Environment Planning Office of the Deputy Minister of Energy of the Ministry of Energy, Science and Technology of the Environment, pp. 63-78. (In Persian)
Sadeghi 2003. Energy resources policy in the industrial sector with environmental standards, Sharif University of Technology. (In Persian)
Iran Energy Productivity Organization (SABA). 2005. Investigating the needs of technology transfer in order to deal with the effects of climate change. Ministry of Energy - Deputy Minister of Energy. (In Persian)
Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Set of Iranian Environmental Protection Laws and Regulations, Text of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Legal Office and Parliamentary Affairs. (In Persian)
Environmental Protection Agency in cooperation with the United Nations Development Program. 2003. First National Climate Change Report, published by the Environmental Protection Agency. (In Persian)
International Energy Study Institute. 2004. Forecast of the country's energy demand by segments of energy carriers, Ministry of Oil. (In Persian)
Ebrahimi 2008. Methods to reduce emissions of non-energy group of industrial processes, Environmental Protection Organization. (In Persian)
Shakeri et al. Journal of Iran Energy Economics Research Year 8, Issue 2, Winter 1397 Pages 1-4 Simulation of Iran Energy Balance Sheet for Year 1 and Designing Demands for Demand and Supply Management Using LEAP Modeling. (In Persian)
Eshraghi, Hadi, Maleki, Abbas and Vakili, Ali (1, (Simulation of demand and supply of energy carriers up to year 3 in Iran using LEAP modeler, energy planning and policy research, first year, number 3, pp. 113-136. (In Persian)
Moradi, Mohammad, Ahmadi, Somayeh and Amidpour, Majid (2017, Development of energy demand model at the national level using LEAP modeler, Energy Planning and Policy Research, First Year, No. 3, pp. 5-82. (In Persian)
Wang, Y., Gu, A., Zhang, A., (2010). Recent development of energy supply and demand in China, and energy sector prospects through 2030. Energy Policy.
Yophy, H., Jeffrey, B.Y., Chieh-Yu, P., (2010). The long-term forecast of Taiwan’s energy supply and demand: LEAP model application. Energy Policy.
Zamani, M., (2007). Energy consumption and economic activities in Iran. Energy Economics, 29, 1135–1140
Wang, K. 2007. Scenario analysis on CO2 emissions reduction potential in Chinas iron and steel industry. Energy Policy.No:35. pp. 2320-2335