بررسی زیست محیطی تخریب اراضی در مقیاس حوزه آبخیز رودخانه طالقان با رویکرد کمی
محورهای موضوعی :
آب و محیط زیست
پریسا خرازی
1
,
جمال قدوسی
2
,
حسن کریم زادگان
3
,
مسعود خیرخواه زرکش
4
1 - دکترای تخصصی مدیریت محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم وتحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسالمی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی گروه آموزش و تحقیقات کشاورزی مرکز حفاظت آب و خاک. *(مسوول مکاتبات).
3 - دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد لاهبجان.
4 - دانشیار پژوهشکده حفاظت خاک و آبخیزداری کشور، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی.
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/09/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/04/13
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/01/01
کلید واژه:
بررسی زیست محیطی,
ایران,
مدل کمی,
تخریب اراضی,
حوزه آبخیز سد طالقان,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تخریب اراضی یا تخریب سرزمین به عنوان یک چالش و معضل مهم جهانی است که در نهایت منجر به بیابانی شدن و گسترش پهنه بیابان‌ها به ویژه در مناطق با شرایط اقلیمی خشک، نیمه خشک و نیمه مرطوب، می‌شود. فقر ونبود امنیت غذایی، توأم با رخداد خشکسالی‌های شدید و سایر شرایط نا مناسب آب و هوائی که موجب وارد شدن فشار بیش از حد به اکوسیستم‌های شکننده و منابع طبیعی پایه(آب، خاک و گیاهان)، در چنین مناطق و نواحی شده و باعث تهی شدن منابع حیاتی می‌شود. هدف از این مطالعه شناسائی مشخصه‌ها و معیار‌های هر یک از پارامتر‌ها وعوامل اعم از طبیعی و انسان زاد موثر بر تخریب اراضی میباشد تا بتوان اقدام به برنامه ریزی جهت مدیریت آنها در راستای حفظ و احیای منابع زیست محیطی نمود.روش بررسی: در این پژوهش با استفاده از داده های ادواری سنجش از دور، سامانه های اطلاعات جغرافیائی،مشاهدات و اندازه گیری های میدانی و روش های آماری بکارگرفته شده و از مدل کمی برای برآورد نتایج استفاده شده است.یافته ها : با استناد به نتایج بدست آمده، می توان گفت تخریب اراضی در مقیاس حوزه آبخیز سد طالقان تابعی از شش عامل: شیب زمین، خصوصیات زمین شناسی سطحی(واحدهای سنگی)، خصوصیات خاک، رخساره‌های فرسایش خاک توسط آب، حفاظ روی زمین و کاربری اراضی است.از بین عوامل موثر بر تخریب اراضی شاخص میزان حفاظ روی زمین با وزن 0.20 بیشترین تاثیر را بر تخریب اراضی داشت.بحث و نتیجه گیری : مدل ارایه شده میتواند به عنوان مدلی کارآمد در تعیین مکانی نرخ (شدت)و گستره تخریب اراضی در مقیاس حوزه آبخیز جهت شناسایی دقیق سایت های تخریب شده برای مبارزه و مدیریت پدیده موردنظر مورد استفاده در سطح ملی قرار گیرد .
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Land degradation or land degradation is an important global challenge and dilemma that ultimately leads to desertification and the expansion of deserts, especially in areas with arid, semi-arid and semi-humid climates. Poverty and lack of food security, combined with the occurrence of severe droughts and other adverse climatic conditions that put excessive pressure on fragile ecosystems and basic natural resources (water, soil and plants), in such areas and causes Deprivation of vital resources becomes. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and criteria of each of the parameters and factors, both natural and man-made, affecting land degradation so that we can plan to manage them in order to preserve and restore environmental resource resources.Material and Methodology: In this research, using periodic remote sensing data, GIS, field observations and measurements and statistical methods are used and a quantitative model is used to estimate the results.Findings: Based on the obtained results, land degradation in Taleghan Dam watershed scale is a function of six factors: land slope, surface geological characteristics (rock units), soil properties, soil erosion facies by water, land protection and land use Among the factors affecting land degradation, the index of protection on the ground with a weight of 0.20 had the greatest impact on land degradation.Discussion and Conclusion: The proposed model can be used nationally as an efficient model in determining the rate (intensity) and extent of land degraded sites accurately to combat and manage the phenomenon.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Wijdenes, D. J. O., Poesen, J., Vandekerckhove, L., & Ghesquiere, M. (2000). Spatial distribution of gully head activity and sediment supply along an ephemeral channel in a Mediterranean environment. Catena, 39(3), 147-167.
Khajoei Nasab, F., Esmailpour, M. Ethno-medicinal survey on weed plants in agro-ecosystems: a case study in Jahrom, Iran. Environ Dev Sustain 21, 2145–2164 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0128-9.
Schwilch, G., Bachmann, F., Gabathuler, E., & Liniger, H. (2008). A methodology for appraising and selecting strategies to mitigate desertification based on stakeholder participation and global best practices
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Training Programme Keldnaholt, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland. Donato Cappetta, Francesca Rossi, Elena Piegari, Federico Quaini, Liberato Berrino, Konrad Urbanek, Antonella De Angelis, Doxorubicin targets multiple players: A new view of an old problem, Pharmacological Research, Volume 127, 2018, Pages 4-14.
Kapalanga,T.S.(2008). A Review of Land Degradation Assessment Methods. Land Restoration.
Ertuğrul, İ.; Karakaşoğlu, N. (2009), “Performance evaluation of Turkish cement firms with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS methods”, Expert Systems with Applications, 36, pp. 702–715.
Xin Wen, Xiangzheng Deng, Fan Zhang, (2019), Scale effects of vegetation restoration on soil and water conservation in a semi-arid region in China: Resources conservation and sustainable management, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 151, 2019, 104474.
Rozanov, B. G. (1990, December). Global assessment of desertification: status and . In Desertification revisited: Proceedings of an ad hoc consultative meeting on the assessment of desertification. UNEP-DC/PAC, Nairobi (pp. 45-122).
Xie H, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Lv T. A Bibliometric Analysis on Land Degradation: Current Status, Development, and Future Directions. Land.(2020);9(1):28.
Mariam Akhtar-Schuster, Lindsay C. Stringer, Alexander Erlewein, Graciela Metternicht, Sara Minelli, Uriel Safriel, Stefan Sommer, Unpacking the concept of land degradation neutrality and addressing its operation through the Rio Conventions, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 195, Part 1, (2017), Pages 4-15.
Anyamba, A., & Tucker, C. J. (2005). Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data from 1981–2003. Journal of arid environments, 63(3), 596-614.
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Matinfar, Hamidreza. Sarmadian, Fereydoun. Alavi Panah, Seyed Kazem. Hack, Richard (2007), Determining the type of land use and land cover by Landsat 7 data using object-oriented method (Kashan region). (In Persian)
Training Programme Keldnaholt, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland. Donato Cappetta, Francesca Rossi, Elena Piegari, Federico Quaini, Liberato Berrino, Konrad Urbanek, Antonella De Angelis, Doxorubicin targets multiple players: A new view of an old problem, Pharmacological Research, Volume 127, 2018, Pages 4-14.
Ravi, S., Breshears, D. D., Huxman, T. E., & D’Odorico, P. (2010). Interactions between geomorphic processes and vegetation at desert margins: Implications for desertification. Geomorphology, 116, 236-245.
Anyamba, A., & Tucker, C. J. (2005). Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data from 1981–2003. Journal of arid environments, 63(3), 596-614.
Kapalanga,T.S.(2008). A Review of Land Degradation Assessment Methods. Land Restoration
Shakarian, Noushin. Zehtabian, Gholamreza Zare Chahouki, Mohammad Ali Vakhsravi, Hassan (2017) Determining the most important criteria and indicators affecting land degradation and desertification. Journal of Natural Resources - Rangeland and Watershed Management. Summer 2017, pp. 385-398. (In Persian)
FAO( 1993). Guidelines for land use planning. FAO Development Series 1, Food And Agriculture Organization, Rome, 96 pp.
Eskandari Damaneh, Hadi; Jafari, Reza; Soltani Kopaei, Saeed, (2017), Assessment of land degradation using indicators obtained from satellite data, (10), 5, 56-43. (In Persian)
Wijdenes, D. J. O., Poesen, J., Vandekerckhove, L., & Ghesquiere, M. (2000). Spatial distribution of gully head activity and sediment supply along an ephemeral channel in a Mediterranean environment. Catena, 39(3), 147-167.
Khajoei Nasab, F., Esmailpour, M. Ethno-medicinal survey on weed plants in agro-ecosystems: a case study in Jahrom, Iran. Environ Dev Sustain 21, 2145–2164 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-018-0128-9.
Schwilch, G., Bachmann, F., Gabathuler, E., & Liniger, H. (2008). A methodology for appraising and selecting strategies to mitigate desertification based on stakeholder participation and global best practices
Asadi, Sara, Banayan Aval, Mohammad, Jahan, Mohsen, Farid Hosseini, Alireza. (2018). Comparison of different spectral indices of vegetation for remote evaluation of winter wheat leaf area index (Triticum aestivum L.) in Mashhad. Agricultural Ecology,10(3), 913-934. doi:10, 22067/v10 I 3, 68724. (In Persian)
Shabani Hyderabadi, Mohammad (2003), Investigation of Land Use Change in Watershed Sedimentation (Case Study of Taleghan Watershed), M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran. (In Persian)
Training Programme Keldnaholt, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland. Donato Cappetta, Francesca Rossi, Elena Piegari, Federico Quaini, Liberato Berrino, Konrad Urbanek, Antonella De Angelis, Doxorubicin targets multiple players: A new view of an old problem, Pharmacological Research, Volume 127, 2018, Pages 4-14.
Kapalanga,T.S.(2008). A Review of Land Degradation Assessment Methods. Land Restoration.
Ertuğrul, İ.; Karakaşoğlu, N. (2009), “Performance evaluation of Turkish cement firms with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and TOPSIS methods”, Expert Systems with Applications, 36, pp. 702–715.
Xin Wen, Xiangzheng Deng, Fan Zhang, (2019), Scale effects of vegetation restoration on soil and water conservation in a semi-arid region in China: Resources conservation and sustainable management, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Volume 151, 2019, 104474.
Rozanov, B. G. (1990, December). Global assessment of desertification: status and . In Desertification revisited: Proceedings of an ad hoc consultative meeting on the assessment of desertification. UNEP-DC/PAC, Nairobi (pp. 45-122).
Xie H, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Lv T. A Bibliometric Analysis on Land Degradation: Current Status, Development, and Future Directions. Land.(2020);9(1):28.
Mariam Akhtar-Schuster, Lindsay C. Stringer, Alexander Erlewein, Graciela Metternicht, Sara Minelli, Uriel Safriel, Stefan Sommer, Unpacking the concept of land degradation neutrality and addressing its operation through the Rio Conventions, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 195, Part 1, (2017), Pages 4-15.
Anyamba, A., & Tucker, C. J. (2005). Analysis of Sahelian vegetation dynamics using NOAA-AVHRR NDVI data from 1981–2003. Journal of arid environments, 63(3), 596-614.
