بررسی رابطه تغییرات آب زیرزمینی و شاخص خشکسالی (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز شریف آباد در استان قم)
محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیستالهام فروتن 1 , فاطمه گلپایگانی 2
1 - استادیار، گروه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه پیام نور، قم.*(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - فارغ التحصیل کارشناس ارشد آبخیزداری دانشکاه تهران.
کلید واژه: شاخص SPI, شاخصSWI, آب زیرزمینی, شریف آباد, کریجینگ,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پدیده تغییر اقلیم با تغییر در میزان بارش، بر میزان آب موجود در آبخوان ها تأثیر می گذارد. در این تحقیق هدف آن است که ابتدا میزان متوسط آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از مناسب ترین روش زمین آمار برآورد گردد و سپس رابطه شاخص آب زیرزمینی با یکی از شاخص های خشکسالی در مقیاس ماهانه و سالانه مورد بررسی قرار گیرد که اهمیت بارش در تغذیه آب زیرزمینی مشخص شود. روش بررسی: حوزه آبخیز مورد مطالعه، حوزه آبخیز شریف آباد واقع در استان قم با وسعت آبخوان 2/27035 هکتار می باشد. در این منطقه 16 چاه مشاهداتی دارای آمار می باشند که در این مطالعه، سطح ایستابی چاه های مشاهداتی منطقه در طی بازه زمانی 1384-1394 با استفاده از مدل های واریوگرامی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و متوسط سطح ایستابی در هر سال با استفاده از بهترین مدل تعیین گردید. سپس شاخص SWI در حوزه آبخیز محاسبه شد. همچنین در این تحقیق از شاخص SPI که یکی از شاخص های خشکسالی است استفاده شده و با استفاده از ضریب پیرسون، همبستگی این شاخص ها در مقیاس ماهانه و سالانه بررسی شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که در میان مدل های واریوگرامی که برای درون یابی داده های ماهانه سطح ایستابی اعمال شد، مناسب ترین مدل کریجینگ است. همچنین ضریب همبستگی پیرسون بین دو شاخص SWI و SPI در مقیاس ماهانه و در سطح اعتماد 99% در چاه های مورد بررسی معنی دار نمی باشد. همچنین این ضریب همبستگی در مقیاس سالانه نیز معنی دار نیست. نتیجه گیری: در این تحقیق معنی دار نبودن همبستگی بین شاخص خشکسالی SPI و شاخص آب زیرزمینی در منطقه مورد مطالعه در مقیاس ماهانه و سالانه بیانگر آن است که اگر بیلان آبی در این گونه مناطق درنظر گرفته شود، بارش سهم ناچیزی در تغذیه آب زیرزمینی دارد. لذا می توان نتیجه گیری نمود بخش اعظم بارش منطقه به علت تبخیر و تعرق زیاد از دسترس خارج می شود و قادر به تغذیه آبخوان نمی باشد.
Background and objective: The climate change phenomenon affects water storage in aquifers through changes in rainfall volume. In this study, the aim is to estimate the average groundwater level using the most appropriate geostatistical method and then investigate the relationship between groundwater index and one of the drought indices on monthly and annual scale in order to specify the importance of rainfall in groundwater recharge. Method: The watershed of this study was Sharifabad watershed located in Qom province with an aquifer area of 27035/2 hectares. There are 16 observation wells in this area. In this study, during the period of 1384-1384, the water level of observation wells in the area was investigated using variogram models. The average water level was determined using the best model per year, then the SWI index at the watershed was calculated. The SPI index, one of the drought indicators, was also used to investigate precipitation variation and then, using Pearson coefficient, the correlation of these indices was investigated on monthly and annual scale. Findings: The results showed that among the variogram models that were used to interpolate the monthly water level data, Kriging model is the most appropriate. Also, Pearson correlation coefficient between SWI and SPI indicators is not significant on monthly basis at confidence level of 99% in both observations of Mozafarabad and Alborz. Moreover; this correlation coefficient on the annual scale is not meaningful either. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the insignificance relationship between SPI and groundwater index in the study area indicates that precipitation has a small proportion in groundwater recharge in the water balance of these areas on monthly and annual scale. Therefore, it can be concluded that the most part of rainfall is out of reach due to excessive evapotranspiration and is not able to recharge the aquifer in the region.
- Think tank of Iran Water, knowing ground water resources, Kerman Chamber of commerce, industry and agriculture,1391.37 pp.(In Persian)
- Darand,Mohammad.,Assessment and Detection of Climate Change in Iran During Recent Decades, , Journal of Iran-Watershed Management Science & Engineering. 2015, Vol. 9, No. 30,1-14 pp .(In Persian)
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- Think tank of Iran Water, knowing ground water resources, Kerman Chamber of commerce, industry and agriculture,1391.37 pp.(In Persian)
- Darand,Mohammad.,Assessment and Detection of Climate Change in Iran During Recent Decades, , Journal of Iran-Watershed Management Science & Engineering. 2015, Vol. 9, No. 30,1-14 pp .(In Persian)
- Delbari,Masoomeh., et al, the investigation of spatial –temporal variation and zoning of water level in Koohpaye-segzi aquifer(Isfahan province) using geo-statistical methods, Journal of geographicl spacing of Ahar Islamic Azad University, . Vol. 15, No. 52, winter 2015, 305-324pp.(In Persian)
- Karami,Fariba, Evaluation of the relation between drought and water level decline in Tabriz plain, Journal of geography and planning(Tabriz University) 2009.Vol.16.No.37.111-131pp.(In Persian)
- Zeinali, Batool et al, Investigate the Effect Meteorological and Hydrological Drought on Groundwater Quantity and Quality (Case Study: Marand Plain), Journal of Watershed Management Research 2016.Vol. 7, No. 14, 177-187pp.(In Persian)
- Maleki nejhad, H. and M. Soleymani Motlagh. 2011. Assessing the Severity of Climatic and Hydrologic Droughts in Chaghalvandi Basin, Journal of Iran Water Research, 5: 61-72pp (In Persian).
- Moghimi,Shokat,Babaeei Fini,Omolsalameh, the relationship of drought and water quality in Abhar plain using SPI and Schuller, Piper and Wilcox diagrams, Journal of Geography (regional planning), 2016,Vol7,Nov 3, 103-116pp. (In Persian)
- Vicente-Serrano,S.M and LOPEZ-Moreno,J.I., 2005. Hydrological response to different time scales of climatological drought: an evaluation of standardized precipitation index in a mountainous Mediterranean basin, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions,No 2,pp.1221-1246
- Keery, J., Binley, A., Crook, N., Smith, J.W.N .,2007. Temporal and Spatail Variability of Groundwater Surface water Fluxes, Journal of Hydrology, 336, pp.1-16.
- Bhuiyan C., R.P. Singh and F.N. Kkogan. 2006. Monitoring Drought Dynamics in the Aravalli Region (India) Using Different Indices Based on Ground and Remote Sensing Data, International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geo Information, 8,pp. 289-302.
- Holz, G.K .,2009. Estimation of Regional Meteorological and Hydrological Drought Characteristics: A Case Study for Denmark, Journal of Hydrology, 281, pp.230-247.
- Qom Regional Water Company, groundwater data,2016. (In Persian)
- Data, P.S., D.L. Deb and S.K. Tygi. 1997. Assessment of groundwater contamination from fertilizers in the Delhi area based on O18, No3 and K composition. Micro chemical Journal, 64, pp. 112-120.
- Hassani Pak, A. 2010. Geostatistics (3rd edition), Tehran University Press, 314 pp. (In Persian)
- McKee TB, Doesken NJ, Kleist J. 1993.The Relationship of Drought Frequency and Duration to Time Scales. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology. American Meteorological Society: Boston, pp. 179–184.
- Barca , E.Passarella, G.,2008. Spatial evaluation of the risk of groundwater quality degradation. A comparison between disjunctive kriging and geostatistical simulation, Environ Monit Assess 137,pp.261–273: DOI 10.1007/s10661-007-9758-3
- Peters, E., van Lanen, H. A. J., Torfs, P. J. J. F., and Bier, G. 2005. Drought in groundwater-drought distribution and performance indicators, J. Hydrol., 306,pp 302–317.
- Kumar,C.P.2015.Ground water assessment and modelling, sara book publication, India , PP 332.
- Moghimi, Homayoon, Applied Hydrology, first edition, PayameNoor university publication,2012. (In Persian)
