بررسی مدل های مدیریت سوانح طبیعی با استفاده از مفاهیم تحلیل مضمون

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بلایای طبیعی

مهدی نوجوان ¹ ( دکتری برنامه ریزی محیط زیست- مدیریت در سوانح طبیعی، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران. *(مسوول مکاتبات) )
اسماعیل صالحی ² ( دانشیار دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران. )
بابک امیدوار ³ ( دانشیار، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران )
شهرزاد فریادی ⁴ ( دانشیار، دانشکده محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران )

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/05/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/07/01

کلید واژه: گونه‌شناسی, مدیریت سوانح, برنامه استراتژیک, مدل مفهومی, تحلیل مضمونی,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: مدل های مختلفی برای مدیریت سوانح ارایه شده که با توجه به نقاط ضعف این مدل ها، علی رغم کارآیی آن ها در برخی مکان ها و تحت شرایط خاص، سوانح طبیعی همچنان چالش اساسی در دستیابی به توسعه پایدار است. هدف از این تحقیق تحلیل مدل های مدیریت سوانح است تا بتوان از آن به مثابه ابزاری نظری در تحلیل شرایط موجود و نیل به وضع مطلوب بهره برداری کرد. روش بررسی: جهت دستیابی به هدف تحقیق، رویکرد کیفی و آمیخته ای از روش های تحلیل مضمونی، طبقه بندی و گونه شناسی استفاده شد. در این راستا ابتدا مدل های مدیریت سانحه از سال 1941 تا سال 2016 گردآوری شدند. سپس با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمونی در مرحله نخست یعنی کدگذاری توصیفی، عناصر موجود در هر مدل به عنوان کد، استخراج و سپس از میان کدها، مضامین پایه شناخته شدند. سپس در مرحله کدگذاری تفسیری ، مضامین پایه در سه دسته طبقه بندی شد که آن ها را مضامین سازمان دهنده گویند. آخرین مرحله، تعیین مضمون فراگیر است که تمامی مضامین پیش گفته را در بر می گیرد. یافته ها: مضامین محوری که در مرحله کدگذاری تفسیری به دست آمد عبارتند از مضامین مدیریت عملیات، مدیریت ریسک و ارزیابی خطر. بر اساس تحلیل مضمونی مدل ها می توان نتیجه گرفت که مدیریت سوانح، سه عنصر اصلی دارد. بنابراین، مدل جامع مدیریت سانحه باید این سه عنصر و مضامین پایه ذیل آن ها را دربرگیرد که گونه ایده آل یا گونه معیار نامیده می شود. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که برخی محققان به مدیریت سانحه، یک بعدی نگریسته اند؛ حتی در بعضی از مدل های دو بعدی نیز یک بعد غلبه دارد. در حالی که گونه شناسی ارایه شده در این تحقیق نشان داد که با توجه به نوع ایده آل، مد ل جامع باید دربرگیرنده هر سه عنصر اشاره شده باشد. مطابق گونه شناسی ارایه شده، برنامه راهبردی مدیریت سانحه بایستی تحت مدیریتی جامع با در نظرگرفتن کلیه عناصر مرتبط با سوانح اجرایی گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Different models have been proposed for disaster management. Considering their weaknesses so far, despite their efficiency in some locations and under certain circumstances, natural disasters are still a fundamental challenge in the way of sustainable development. The purpose of this research is to analyse disaster management models to be used as a theoretical tool in analyzing the current condition and to achieve the desired condition. Material and Methodogy: To achieve the goals, qualitative approach and combinations of the concepts of thematic analysis, classification and typology are used. In this regard, first, the models of disaster management from 1941 to 2016 are collected. In the next stage the themes of each model are extracted and categorized in three phases. In the first phase which is descriptive coding, available elements in each model are extracted as code and the basic themes are recognized. Then, in the phase of interpretive coding, basic themes are classified in three categories which are called organizing themes. The final phase is determination of global or overarching theme which is consisted of all the other mentioned themes. Findings: Basic themes which were obtained during the interpretive coding are the themes of operations management, risk management and hazard assessment. Based on thematic analysis, it can be concluded that disaster management has three main elements. Therefore, comprehensive model of disaster management should include these three elements and their sub basic themes that is called the ideal or criterion type.  Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that in some models, one dimension is emphasized. Even in two-dimensional models, one dimension has advantage over the other one. While the proposed typology showed that, considering the ideal type, the comprehensive model should include all the three mentioned elements. According to the ideal type, the strategic plan of disaster management should be performed under a comprehensive management considering all the elements of disasters.

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