شبیه‌سازی کیفیت آب سطحی با استفاده از مدل QUAL2KW (رودخانه ارداک استان خراسان رضوی)

محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست

مرتضی نیک اختر ¹ , سیده هدی رحمتی ² , علیرضا مساح بوانی ³

1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی محیط زیست-منابع آب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست-منابع آب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات، تهران، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات).
3 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/05/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/06/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/11/01

کلید واژه: کیفیت آب, شبیه‌سازی, رودخانه ارداک, Qual2kw,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به این که رودخانه و سد ارداک از منابع تامین کننده آب شرب شهر مشهد می‌باشد، حفظ کیفیت آب این رودخانه قبل‌‌‌از‌سد اقدام بزرگی در جهت تامین آب این کلان شهر مذهبی خواهد بود. این تحقیق با معرفی مدلی برای شبیه سازی کیفی منابع آب رودخانه ارداک و با استفاده از ابزار های مناسب و مرتبط، با مشخص کردن میزان پارامتر های مختلف کیفیت آب در طول رودخانه، وسیله مناسبی برای ارزیابی رفتار آب در برابر ورود آلاینده های مختلف و همچنین برای تصمیم گیری های آتی می باشد. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق از مدل دینامیکی Qual2kw استفاده گردید که برای واسنجی از اطلاعات موجود در شرکت آب منطقه ای خراسان رضوی (آبان ماه 93) استفاده و برای صحت سنجی، پس از نمونه برداری و آزمایش پارامتر های مختلف کیفیت آب (اردیبهشت 95)، از اطلاعات بدست آمده استفاده گردید. یافته ها: اطلاعات بدست آمده نشان داد که مدل در مورد پارامتر های DO، PH، COD و NO3 تطابق خوبی با واقیعت داشته و قادر است به‌خوبی وضعیت پارامتر های کیفی آب را در هر دو شاخه از رودخانه ارداک شبیه سازی نماید. بحث و نتیجه گیری: آب رودخانه در شاخه آبقد به سبب استقرار جمعیت و منابع آلاینده کم‌تر از کیفیت بالاتری برخوردار بوده و کیفیت آب در هر دو شاخه رودخانه بیش‌تر تحت تاثیر آلاینده های کشاورزی، باغ‌داری و دفع فاضلاب های روستایی می باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

                      Background and Objective: Considering the importance of ARDAK River and dam in supplying drinking water of MASHHAD city as one of the biggest and most densely populated religious city of the world, preserving and maintaining water quality of this river is an essential task for providing water. This case study provides a model for water quality of ARDAK River by using appropriate and relevant tools which could calculate the values of water quality parameters along the entire length of main branches and it can be a beneficial approach for monitoring water responses to various contaminants and also for future decision making. Method: In this research QUAL2KW dynamic model has calibrated with available previous data (July 2014) and verified by results of field sampling which has been conducted in April 2016 for different aspects of water quality. Findings: Obtained results showed that this model made a good agreement with observed data such as DO, PH, COD and NO3 and it was able to simulate water quality for both river branches. Discussions and Conclusions: Abghad branch condition gets better due to less local population and contaminants, moreover agricultural, gardening and rural wastewater has affected both main branches of the river.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Giraldo-B LC, Palacio CA, Molina R, Agudelo RA. Water quality modeling of the Medellin river in the Aburrá Valley. UNIVERSIDAD NATIONAL DE CLOMBIA, DYNA. 2015.


2. Mirbagheri Sa, Mahmoodi S, Khezri Sm. Modeling of nitrate and phosphorus in chaloos river using QUAL2K. Jurnal of civil and environment. 2011. (In Persian)


3. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW theory and documentation (version 5.1). Environmental Assessment Program Olympia. Washington Publication. 2008.


4. Pelletier G, Chapra S, Tao H. QUAL2KW A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration. Researchgate http://www.researchgate.net/publication/222978409. 2006.


5. Shokri s, Hooshmand A, Moazed H. Simulation of ammonium and nitrate in gargar river using QUAL2KW. scientific research journal of wetland's ecobiology. 2015. (In Persian)


6. Bagherian Marzouni M, Akhoundalib M, Moazed H, Jaafarzadeh N, Ahadian J, Hasoonizadeh H. Evaluation of karun river water quality scenarios using simulation model results. journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2014; 2(2): p. 339-358.


7. Sanders TG, Ward RC, Loftis JC, Steele TD, Adrian DD, Yevjevich V. Design of Networks for Monitoring Water Quality: Water Resources research; 1987.


8. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW user manual (version 5.1) A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality. Washington; 2008.


9. Prakash R, Kannel S, Lee Y, Lee S, Kanel SR, Pelletier GJ. Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal. Ecological modelling. 2007.


10. Nuzhat P, Singh S. Development of Enhanced DO model for Gomti River at Lucknow Stretch, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. 2016.


11. Kalburgi PB, Shareefa RN, Deshannavar UB. Development and Evaluation of BOD–DO Model for River Ghataprabha near Mudhol (India), using QUAL2K. Modern Education and computer Science. 2015.


12. Masamba WRL, Mazvimavi D. Impact on water quality of landuses along Thamalakane-Boteti River, An outlet of the Okavango Delta. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2008.


13. Fereidoon M, Khorasani G. Water quality simulation in qarresu river and the role of wastewater treatment plants in reducing the contaminants concentrations. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). 2013; 3(5).


14. Ribeiro CHA, Araujo M. Mathematical Modeling as a Management Tool for Water Quality Control of The Tropical Beberibe Estuary. Ne Brazil, Hydrobiologia. 2002.


15. Turner D, Pelietier G, Kasper B. Disolved Oxygen and PH Modeling of a Periphyton Dominated, Nutrient Enriched River. Jurnal of Environmental Engineering. August 2009.


16. Zhang R, Qian X, Yuan X, Ye R, Xia B, Wang Y. Simulation of water environmental capacity and pollution load reduction using QUAL2K for water environmental management. international journal of environmental research and public health. 2012.


17. Zipper C, Holtzman E, Golde I, Patrick D, Gildea F, Stewart JJ, et al. Virginia USA Water Quality, 1978 to 1995. Regional Interpretation. 2002.

 

 

1. Giraldo-B LC, Palacio CA, Molina R, Agudelo RA. Water quality modeling of the Medellin river in the Aburrá Valley. UNIVERSIDAD NATIONAL DE CLOMBIA, DYNA. 2015.


2. Mirbagheri Sa, Mahmoodi S, Khezri Sm. Modeling of nitrate and phosphorus in chaloos river using QUAL2K. Jurnal of civil and environment. 2011. (In Persian)


3. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW theory and documentation (version 5.1). Environmental Assessment Program Olympia. Washington Publication. 2008.


4. Pelletier G, Chapra S, Tao H. QUAL2KW A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration. Researchgate http://www.researchgate.net/publication/222978409. 2006.


5. Shokri s, Hooshmand A, Moazed H. Simulation of ammonium and nitrate in gargar river using QUAL2KW. scientific research journal of wetland's ecobiology. 2015. (In Persian)


6. Bagherian Marzouni M, Akhoundalib M, Moazed H, Jaafarzadeh N, Ahadian J, Hasoonizadeh H. Evaluation of karun river water quality scenarios using simulation model results. journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2014; 2(2): p. 339-358.


7. Sanders TG, Ward RC, Loftis JC, Steele TD, Adrian DD, Yevjevich V. Design of Networks for Monitoring Water Quality: Water Resources research; 1987.


8. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW user manual (version 5.1) A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality. Washington; 2008.


9. Prakash R, Kannel S, Lee Y, Lee S, Kanel SR, Pelletier GJ. Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal. Ecological modelling. 2007.


10. Nuzhat P, Singh S. Development of Enhanced DO model for Gomti River at Lucknow Stretch, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. 2016.


11. Kalburgi PB, Shareefa RN, Deshannavar UB. Development and Evaluation of BOD–DO Model for River Ghataprabha near Mudhol (India), using QUAL2K. Modern Education and computer Science. 2015.


12. Masamba WRL, Mazvimavi D. Impact on water quality of landuses along Thamalakane-Boteti River, An outlet of the Okavango Delta. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2008.


13. Fereidoon M, Khorasani G. Water quality simulation in qarresu river and the role of wastewater treatment plants in reducing the contaminants concentrations. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). 2013; 3(5).


14. Ribeiro CHA, Araujo M. Mathematical Modeling as a Management Tool for Water Quality Control of The Tropical Beberibe Estuary. Ne Brazil, Hydrobiologia. 2002.


15. Turner D, Pelietier G, Kasper B. Disolved Oxygen and PH Modeling of a Periphyton Dominated, Nutrient Enriched River. Jurnal of Environmental Engineering. August 2009.


16. Zhang R, Qian X, Yuan X, Ye R, Xia B, Wang Y. Simulation of water environmental capacity and pollution load reduction using QUAL2K for water environmental management. international journal of environmental research and public health. 2012.


17. Zipper C, Holtzman E, Golde I, Patrick D, Gildea F, Stewart JJ, et al. Virginia USA Water Quality, 1978 to 1995. Regional Interpretation. 2002.

 

 

1. Giraldo-B LC, Palacio CA, Molina R, Agudelo RA. Water quality modeling of the Medellin river in the Aburrá Valley. UNIVERSIDAD NATIONAL DE CLOMBIA, DYNA. 2015.


2. Mirbagheri Sa, Mahmoodi S, Khezri Sm. Modeling of nitrate and phosphorus in chaloos river using QUAL2K. Jurnal of civil and environment. 2011. (In Persian)


3. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW theory and documentation (version 5.1). Environmental Assessment Program Olympia. Washington Publication. 2008.


4. Pelletier G, Chapra S, Tao H. QUAL2KW A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration. Researchgate http://www.researchgate.net/publication/222978409. 2006.


5. Shokri s, Hooshmand A, Moazed H. Simulation of ammonium and nitrate in gargar river using QUAL2KW. scientific research journal of wetland's ecobiology. 2015. (In Persian)


6. Bagherian Marzouni M, Akhoundalib M, Moazed H, Jaafarzadeh N, Ahadian J, Hasoonizadeh H. Evaluation of karun river water quality scenarios using simulation model results. journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2014; 2(2): p. 339-358.


7. Sanders TG, Ward RC, Loftis JC, Steele TD, Adrian DD, Yevjevich V. Design of Networks for Monitoring Water Quality: Water Resources research; 1987.


8. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW user manual (version 5.1) A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality. Washington; 2008.


9. Prakash R, Kannel S, Lee Y, Lee S, Kanel SR, Pelletier GJ. Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal. Ecological modelling. 2007.


10. Nuzhat P, Singh S. Development of Enhanced DO model for Gomti River at Lucknow Stretch, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. 2016.


11. Kalburgi PB, Shareefa RN, Deshannavar UB. Development and Evaluation of BOD–DO Model for River Ghataprabha near Mudhol (India), using QUAL2K. Modern Education and computer Science. 2015.


12. Masamba WRL, Mazvimavi D. Impact on water quality of landuses along Thamalakane-Boteti River, An outlet of the Okavango Delta. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2008.


13. Fereidoon M, Khorasani G. Water quality simulation in qarresu river and the role of wastewater treatment plants in reducing the contaminants concentrations. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). 2013; 3(5).


14. Ribeiro CHA, Araujo M. Mathematical Modeling as a Management Tool for Water Quality Control of The Tropical Beberibe Estuary. Ne Brazil, Hydrobiologia. 2002.


15. Turner D, Pelietier G, Kasper B. Disolved Oxygen and PH Modeling of a Periphyton Dominated, Nutrient Enriched River. Jurnal of Environmental Engineering. August 2009.


16. Zhang R, Qian X, Yuan X, Ye R, Xia B, Wang Y. Simulation of water environmental capacity and pollution load reduction using QUAL2K for water environmental management. international journal of environmental research and public health. 2012.


17. Zipper C, Holtzman E, Golde I, Patrick D, Gildea F, Stewart JJ, et al. Virginia USA Water Quality, 1978 to 1995. Regional Interpretation. 2002.

 

 

1. Giraldo-B LC, Palacio CA, Molina R, Agudelo RA. Water quality modeling of the Medellin river in the Aburrá Valley. UNIVERSIDAD NATIONAL DE CLOMBIA, DYNA. 2015.


2. Mirbagheri Sa, Mahmoodi S, Khezri Sm. Modeling of nitrate and phosphorus in chaloos river using QUAL2K. Jurnal of civil and environment. 2011. (In Persian)


3. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW theory and documentation (version 5.1). Environmental Assessment Program Olympia. Washington Publication. 2008.


4. Pelletier G, Chapra S, Tao H. QUAL2KW A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration. Researchgate http://www.researchgate.net/publication/222978409. 2006.


5. Shokri s, Hooshmand A, Moazed H. Simulation of ammonium and nitrate in gargar river using QUAL2KW. scientific research journal of wetland's ecobiology. 2015. (In Persian)


6. Bagherian Marzouni M, Akhoundalib M, Moazed H, Jaafarzadeh N, Ahadian J, Hasoonizadeh H. Evaluation of karun river water quality scenarios using simulation model results. journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2014; 2(2): p. 339-358.


7. Sanders TG, Ward RC, Loftis JC, Steele TD, Adrian DD, Yevjevich V. Design of Networks for Monitoring Water Quality: Water Resources research; 1987.


8. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW user manual (version 5.1) A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality. Washington; 2008.


9. Prakash R, Kannel S, Lee Y, Lee S, Kanel SR, Pelletier GJ. Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal. Ecological modelling. 2007.


10. Nuzhat P, Singh S. Development of Enhanced DO model for Gomti River at Lucknow Stretch, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. 2016.


11. Kalburgi PB, Shareefa RN, Deshannavar UB. Development and Evaluation of BOD–DO Model for River Ghataprabha near Mudhol (India), using QUAL2K. Modern Education and computer Science. 2015.


12. Masamba WRL, Mazvimavi D. Impact on water quality of landuses along Thamalakane-Boteti River, An outlet of the Okavango Delta. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2008.


13. Fereidoon M, Khorasani G. Water quality simulation in qarresu river and the role of wastewater treatment plants in reducing the contaminants concentrations. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). 2013; 3(5).


14. Ribeiro CHA, Araujo M. Mathematical Modeling as a Management Tool for Water Quality Control of The Tropical Beberibe Estuary. Ne Brazil, Hydrobiologia. 2002.


15. Turner D, Pelietier G, Kasper B. Disolved Oxygen and PH Modeling of a Periphyton Dominated, Nutrient Enriched River. Jurnal of Environmental Engineering. August 2009.


16. Zhang R, Qian X, Yuan X, Ye R, Xia B, Wang Y. Simulation of water environmental capacity and pollution load reduction using QUAL2K for water environmental management. international journal of environmental research and public health. 2012.


17. Zipper C, Holtzman E, Golde I, Patrick D, Gildea F, Stewart JJ, et al. Virginia USA Water Quality, 1978 to 1995. Regional Interpretation. 2002.

 

 

1. Giraldo-B LC, Palacio CA, Molina R, Agudelo RA. Water quality modeling of the Medellin river in the Aburrá Valley. UNIVERSIDAD NATIONAL DE CLOMBIA, DYNA. 2015.


2. Mirbagheri Sa, Mahmoodi S, Khezri Sm. Modeling of nitrate and phosphorus in chaloos river using QUAL2K. Jurnal of civil and environment. 2011. (In Persian)


3. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW theory and documentation (version 5.1). Environmental Assessment Program Olympia. Washington Publication. 2008.


4. Pelletier G, Chapra S, Tao H. QUAL2KW A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration. Researchgate http://www.researchgate.net/publication/222978409. 2006.


5. Shokri s, Hooshmand A, Moazed H. Simulation of ammonium and nitrate in gargar river using QUAL2KW. scientific research journal of wetland's ecobiology. 2015. (In Persian)


6. Bagherian Marzouni M, Akhoundalib M, Moazed H, Jaafarzadeh N, Ahadian J, Hasoonizadeh H. Evaluation of karun river water quality scenarios using simulation model results. journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2014; 2(2): p. 339-358.


7. Sanders TG, Ward RC, Loftis JC, Steele TD, Adrian DD, Yevjevich V. Design of Networks for Monitoring Water Quality: Water Resources research; 1987.


8. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW user manual (version 5.1) A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality. Washington; 2008.


9. Prakash R, Kannel S, Lee Y, Lee S, Kanel SR, Pelletier GJ. Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal. Ecological modelling. 2007.


10. Nuzhat P, Singh S. Development of Enhanced DO model for Gomti River at Lucknow Stretch, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. 2016.


11. Kalburgi PB, Shareefa RN, Deshannavar UB. Development and Evaluation of BOD–DO Model for River Ghataprabha near Mudhol (India), using QUAL2K. Modern Education and computer Science. 2015.


12. Masamba WRL, Mazvimavi D. Impact on water quality of landuses along Thamalakane-Boteti River, An outlet of the Okavango Delta. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2008.


13. Fereidoon M, Khorasani G. Water quality simulation in qarresu river and the role of wastewater treatment plants in reducing the contaminants concentrations. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). 2013; 3(5).


14. Ribeiro CHA, Araujo M. Mathematical Modeling as a Management Tool for Water Quality Control of The Tropical Beberibe Estuary. Ne Brazil, Hydrobiologia. 2002.


15. Turner D, Pelietier G, Kasper B. Disolved Oxygen and PH Modeling of a Periphyton Dominated, Nutrient Enriched River. Jurnal of Environmental Engineering. August 2009.


16. Zhang R, Qian X, Yuan X, Ye R, Xia B, Wang Y. Simulation of water environmental capacity and pollution load reduction using QUAL2K for water environmental management. international journal of environmental research and public health. 2012.


17. Zipper C, Holtzman E, Golde I, Patrick D, Gildea F, Stewart JJ, et al. Virginia USA Water Quality, 1978 to 1995. Regional Interpretation. 2002.

 

 

1. Giraldo-B LC, Palacio CA, Molina R, Agudelo RA. Water quality modeling of the Medellin river in the Aburrá Valley. UNIVERSIDAD NATIONAL DE CLOMBIA, DYNA. 2015.


2. Mirbagheri Sa, Mahmoodi S, Khezri Sm. Modeling of nitrate and phosphorus in chaloos river using QUAL2K. Jurnal of civil and environment. 2011. (In Persian)


3. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW theory and documentation (version 5.1). Environmental Assessment Program Olympia. Washington Publication. 2008.


4. Pelletier G, Chapra S, Tao H. QUAL2KW A framework for modeling water quality in streams and rivers using a genetic algorithm for calibration. Researchgate http://www.researchgate.net/publication/222978409. 2006.


5. Shokri s, Hooshmand A, Moazed H. Simulation of ammonium and nitrate in gargar river using QUAL2KW. scientific research journal of wetland's ecobiology. 2015. (In Persian)


6. Bagherian Marzouni M, Akhoundalib M, Moazed H, Jaafarzadeh N, Ahadian J, Hasoonizadeh H. Evaluation of karun river water quality scenarios using simulation model results. journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 2014; 2(2): p. 339-358.


7. Sanders TG, Ward RC, Loftis JC, Steele TD, Adrian DD, Yevjevich V. Design of Networks for Monitoring Water Quality: Water Resources research; 1987.


8. Pelletier G, Chapra S. QUAL2KW user manual (version 5.1) A modeling framework for simulating river and stream water quality. Washington; 2008.


9. Prakash R, Kannel S, Lee Y, Lee S, Kanel SR, Pelletier GJ. Application of automated QUAL2Kw for water quality modeling and management in the Bagmati River, Nepal. Ecological modelling. 2007.


10. Nuzhat P, Singh S. Development of Enhanced DO model for Gomti River at Lucknow Stretch, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. 2016.


11. Kalburgi PB, Shareefa RN, Deshannavar UB. Development and Evaluation of BOD–DO Model for River Ghataprabha near Mudhol (India), using QUAL2K. Modern Education and computer Science. 2015.


12. Masamba WRL, Mazvimavi D. Impact on water quality of landuses along Thamalakane-Boteti River, An outlet of the Okavango Delta. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2008.


13. Fereidoon M, Khorasani G. Water quality simulation in qarresu river and the role of wastewater treatment plants in reducing the contaminants concentrations. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE). 2013; 3(5).


14. Ribeiro CHA, Araujo M. Mathematical Modeling as a Management Tool for Water Quality Control of The Tropical Beberibe Estuary. Ne Brazil, Hydrobiologia. 2002.


15. Turner D, Pelietier G, Kasper B. Disolved Oxygen and PH Modeling of a Periphyton Dominated, Nutrient Enriched River. Jurnal of Environmental Engineering. August 2009.


16. Zhang R, Qian X, Yuan X, Ye R, Xia B, Wang Y. Simulation of water environmental capacity and pollution load reduction using QUAL2K for water environmental management. international journal of environmental research and public health. 2012.


17. Zipper C, Holtzman E, Golde I, Patrick D, Gildea F, Stewart JJ, et al. Virginia USA Water Quality, 1978 to 1995. Regional Interpretation. 2002.

 

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