بررسی تغییرات فصلی تولید و مصرف گونه Agropyron trichophorum در مراتع ییلاقی استان لرستان

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیست

رضا سیاه منصور ¹ (استادیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
مرتضی اکبرزاده ² (استادیار، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/09/19 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/02/13 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/02/01

کلید واژه: قرق, تحت چرا, پر تولید, مرتع, ماه سال,

چکیده مقاله :

زمینه و هدف: وابستگی ما به گیاهان برای ادامه حیات آنقدر شدید است که بهره برداری و مدیریت آن علوم خاصی را به خود اختصاص داده است. یکی از گونه های کلیدی مراتع گونهtrichophorum Agropyron است. آگاهی از اطلاعات اکولوژیکی آن اهمیت ویژه ای دارد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تغییرات فصلی تولید و مصرف گونه Agropyron trichophorum در مراتع ییلاقی استان لرستان انجام گرفته است. روش بررسی: در این تحقیق تولید در داخل قطعه محصور و مصرف در خارج آن (شاهد)، در سالهای 1386 تا 1389 بررسی شد. هرساله تعداد 50 پایه متوسط از گونه در آغاز فصل رویش مشخص شده و 5 پایه متوسط در ابتدای فصل به ازای هر ماه از فصل چرا در داخل قطعه قرق و 5 پایه مشابه در خارج قرق انتخاب و در هر ماه از فصل چرا قطع و توزین شد. داده‌ها در نرم افزارMSTATC تجزیه و مقایسه میانگین با آزمون چند دامنه دانکن انجام پذیرفت. یافته ها: اختلاف میانگین های اثر سال، ماه و اثر متقابل سال× ماه از نظر آماری معنی‌دار است (01/0P < ). تفاوت تولید در سال های مختلف زیاد بود، به‌طوری‌که علوفه تولید شده در سال کم تولید حدود 42% علوفه تولید شده در سال پر تولید بود. به‌طور متوسط هر ساله حدود 80 % از تولید این گونه در طول فصل چرا مورد استفاده دام قرار گرفت که در سال های بررسی بین حدود 75 تا 87 % در نوسان بود. بحث و نتیجه گیری: تولید در خرداد ماه که نتیجه متابولیسم گیاه در نیمه دوم اردیبهشت و نیمه اول خرداد است، بیشتر بوده و در تیر و مرداد کاهش می‌یابد. در کل این گونه به‌طور متوسط 4/149 کیلوگرم در هکتار علوفه تولید می‌کند که 8/119 کیلوگرم در هکتار (2/80 %) آن مصرف می‌شود. در تیر و مرداد فشار چرا به پس چر مزارع منتقل شد، این امر به واسطه وجود علوفه در اراضی نزدیک روستا همچنین افزایش دما و کاهش منابع آب در مرتع می‌باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Our dependence on plants for survival is so strong that its exploitation and management are special sciences. One of the key rangeland species is Agropyron trichophorum. Awareness of its ecological information is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to determine the seasonal changes in production and consumption of Agropyron trichophorum in summer rangelands of Lorestan province. Method: In this study, production inside the enclosed part and consumption outside it (control), from 2007 to 2010 were investigated. Each year, 50 average rootstocks of the species were identified at the beginning of the growing season and 5 medium rootstocks were selected at the beginning of the season for each month of the grazing season inside the enclosed plot and 5 similar rootstocks outside the grazing area and cut and weighed in each month of the grazing season. Data were analyzed in MSTATC software and the mean was compared with Duncan's multiple range tests. Findings: The difference between the mean effects of year, month and the interaction of year, months are statistically significant (P <0.01). The difference in production in different years was large, so that the forage produced in the year of low production was about 42% of the forage produced in the year of high production. On average, about 80% of the production of this species was used by livestock during the grazing season, which fluctuated between 75% and 87% in the study years. Discussion and Conclusion: Production in June, which is the result of plant metabolism in the second half of May and the first half of June, is higher and decreases in July and August. In total, this species produces an average of 149.4 kg / ha of forage, of which 119.8 kg / ha (80.2%) is consumed. In July and August, the pressure of grazing was transferred to the back of the fields; this is due to the presence of forage in the lands near the village, as well as increasing the temperature and reducing water resources in the rangeland.

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