بررسی تغییرات فصلی تولید و مصرف گونه Agropyron trichophorum در مراتع ییلاقی استان لرستان
الموضوعات :
رضا سیاه منصور
1
,
مرتضی اکبرزاده
2
1 - استادیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم آباد، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار، بخش تحقیقات مرتع، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران.
تاريخ الإرسال : 10 الجمعة , ربيع الأول, 1438
تاريخ التأكيد : 07 الأربعاء , شعبان, 1438
تاريخ الإصدار : 27 الإثنين , شعبان, 1441
الکلمات المفتاحية:
قرق,
تحت چرا,
پر تولید,
مرتع,
ماه سال,
ملخص المقالة :
زمینه و هدف: وابستگی ما به گیاهان برای ادامه حیات آنقدر شدید است که بهره برداری و مدیریت آن علوم خاصی را به خود اختصاص داده است. یکی از گونه های کلیدی مراتع گونهtrichophorum Agropyron است. آگاهی از اطلاعات اکولوژیکی آن اهمیت ویژه ای دارد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین تغییرات فصلی تولید و مصرف گونه Agropyron trichophorum در مراتع ییلاقی استان لرستان انجام گرفته است.
روش بررسی: در این تحقیق تولید در داخل قطعه محصور و مصرف در خارج آن (شاهد)، در سالهای 1386 تا 1389 بررسی شد. هرساله تعداد 50 پایه متوسط از گونه در آغاز فصل رویش مشخص شده و 5 پایه متوسط در ابتدای فصل به ازای هر ماه از فصل چرا در داخل قطعه قرق و 5 پایه مشابه در خارج قرق انتخاب و در هر ماه از فصل چرا قطع و توزین شد. داده‌ها در نرم افزارMSTATC تجزیه و مقایسه میانگین با آزمون چند دامنه دانکن انجام پذیرفت.
یافته ها: اختلاف میانگین های اثر سال، ماه و اثر متقابل سال× ماه از نظر آماری معنی‌دار است (01/0P < ). تفاوت تولید در سال های مختلف زیاد بود، به‌طوری‌که علوفه تولید شده در سال کم تولید حدود 42% علوفه تولید شده در سال پر تولید بود. به‌طور متوسط هر ساله حدود 80 % از تولید این گونه در طول فصل چرا مورد استفاده دام قرار گرفت که در سال های بررسی بین حدود 75 تا 87 % در نوسان بود.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: تولید در خرداد ماه که نتیجه متابولیسم گیاه در نیمه دوم اردیبهشت و نیمه اول خرداد است، بیشتر بوده و در تیر و مرداد کاهش می‌یابد. در کل این گونه به‌طور متوسط 4/149 کیلوگرم در هکتار علوفه تولید می‌کند که 8/119 کیلوگرم در هکتار (2/80 %) آن مصرف می‌شود. در تیر و مرداد فشار چرا به پس چر مزارع منتقل شد، این امر به واسطه وجود علوفه در اراضی نزدیک روستا همچنین افزایش دما و کاهش منابع آب در مرتع می‌باشد.
المصادر:
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Arzani, H., Nikkhah, A., Arzani, Z,. Kabuli, S. H ,. Fazel Dehkordi, L, 2006, Study of Range Forage Quality in three provinces of Semnan Markazi and Lorestan for calculation of animal unit requirement.Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 76:60-68.
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Sanadgol, A. A. and Moghaddam, M. R., 2004. The effects of grazing systems and garazing intensities on standing crop and forage intake in Bromous tomentellus pasture. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 64: 30-35. (In Persian)
Reinwald, A.D, 2013. Effects of disturbing restoration treatments on native grass revegitation and soil seed bank composition in wheatgrass-invaded sagebrush-steppe ecosystems. All graduate theses and Dissertations.1-21.119.
Snyman, H.A., (2004). Short- term response in productivity following on unplanned fire in a semi- arid rangeland of south Africa. J. Arid environment. 56: 465- 485.
Siahmansour, R., Arzani, H., Jafari, M,. Javadi, S, A., and Ali Tavili., 2014, AN Investigation on Effect Fire on Soil Surface Cover in Grasslands and Shrubbery in Homo Climatic Condition, Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol(4)3 March. 199-192: 2014.
Ouarab, S., Voisin, J.-F., Thevenot, M., & Doumandji, S. (2009). Numbers and phenology of the Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis in the wetland of Réghaïa. Journal of cell and animal biology, 3(12), 231-238.
Hosseini, S, A., Akbarzadeh, M., 2015, Review changes in production and consumption in Pasture plants in the rangelands of Ali Abad Gorgan, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 22(2):205-215. (In Persian)
Zohdi, M., 2001. Determination and comparison of forage quality of different parts and location and amount of carbohydrates storages in five rangeland species, MSc thesis. Tehran University. (In Persian)
Siahmansour, R., Ghasriani, F. and Khademi, K., 2011. Study the seasonal changes of production and utilization of range plants in key ranges of 5 bioclimatic zones of Iran (Zagheh- Lorestan). (In Persian)
Lashanizand, M, Parvaneh, B. 2000, Regionalization of climate in Lorestan Province. Journal of Physical geography. N.11. 23-45. (In Persian)
Yorks, T.P., West , N.E and Capels, K.M.(1992), Vegetation difference in desert shrub lands of west Utah, spine valley between 1933 and 1999. J: Range management. 45(6): 577-589.
Akbarzadeh, M., Moghadam, M.R., Jalili, A., Jafari, M. and Arzani, H. (2007). Effect of precipitation on cover and production of rangeland plants in Polour, Journal of the Natural Resources, 60 (1), 307-322. (In Persian)
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- Peymanifard, B., 1996. Studying of some ecological characteristics of arid and semi-arid regions, Collection of articles presented of the second desertification and different methods of combat with desertification. Publication of Rangelands, and Forests Research Institute, 175: 299 – 306. (In Persian)
- Mohammadi, A, The effect of time and intensity and harvesting on non-structural carbohydrates and forage production of Agropyron trichophorum, Master's Thesis, Technology of Isfahan University. Natural resources department, 2000. (In Persian)
- Kissinger, F. E. and Hopkins, H. H. 1961,. Carbohydrate content of underground parts of grasses as affected by clipping, J. Range management. vol, 14, pp. 2-9, 1961.
- Akbarzadeh, M and Mirhaji, T. 2006. Vegetation changes under precipitation in Steppic rangelands of rudshur. Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 13(3):222-235. (In Persian)
- Damizadeh, M., B.Saghafian, A.Gieske, 2001. Studying vegetation Responses and Rainfall Relationship Based on NOAA/AVHRR Images. Proceding of 22 nd Asain conference on Remote sensing 5-9 November 2001, singapoure.
- Ghasriani, F. and Heidari, H., 2000. Phonological study of same rangeland plants at Kurdistan province. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, (47): 58-63. (In Persian)
Florez-Amalpartid, E Bryant-FC. Wiggers-EP (1983) Nutrient content and Phenology of cool season grasses-of Peru-Grass-and Forage-science 1983-4030.
Arzani, H., Nikkhah, A., Arzani, Z,. Kabuli, S. H ,. Fazel Dehkordi, L, 2006, Study of Range Forage Quality in three provinces of Semnan Markazi and Lorestan for calculation of animal unit requirement.Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 76:60-68.
Siahmansour, R, Fayaz, M, 2012, Investigation the preference value and grazing livestock behavior in the rangelands of five vegetative regions of Iran, in Zagheh alpine rangelands (Lorestan province), Iranian Forestry and Rangeland Research Institute, 25-36. 89. (In Persian)
Siahmansour, R., Arzani, H., Jafari, M., Javadi, S, A., and Ali Tavili., 2014. An investigation on the effect of fire on main particulars in woodland (Case study in Veysian – Lorestan), Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol 3 (4) March 2014: 192-199.
Sanadgol, A. A. and Moghaddam, M. R., 2004. The effects of grazing systems and garazing intensities on standing crop and forage intake in Bromous tomentellus pasture. Pajouhesh & Sazandegi, 64: 30-35. (In Persian)
Reinwald, A.D, 2013. Effects of disturbing restoration treatments on native grass revegitation and soil seed bank composition in wheatgrass-invaded sagebrush-steppe ecosystems. All graduate theses and Dissertations.1-21.119.
Snyman, H.A., (2004). Short- term response in productivity following on unplanned fire in a semi- arid rangeland of south Africa. J. Arid environment. 56: 465- 485.
Siahmansour, R., Arzani, H., Jafari, M,. Javadi, S, A., and Ali Tavili., 2014, AN Investigation on Effect Fire on Soil Surface Cover in Grasslands and Shrubbery in Homo Climatic Condition, Bull. Env. Pharmacol. Life Sci., Vol(4)3 March. 199-192: 2014.
Ouarab, S., Voisin, J.-F., Thevenot, M., & Doumandji, S. (2009). Numbers and phenology of the Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis in the wetland of Réghaïa. Journal of cell and animal biology, 3(12), 231-238.
Hosseini, S, A., Akbarzadeh, M., 2015, Review changes in production and consumption in Pasture plants in the rangelands of Ali Abad Gorgan, Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, 22(2):205-215. (In Persian)
Zohdi, M., 2001. Determination and comparison of forage quality of different parts and location and amount of carbohydrates storages in five rangeland species, MSc thesis. Tehran University. (In Persian)
Siahmansour, R., Ghasriani, F. and Khademi, K., 2011. Study the seasonal changes of production and utilization of range plants in key ranges of 5 bioclimatic zones of Iran (Zagheh- Lorestan). (In Persian)
Lashanizand, M, Parvaneh, B. 2000, Regionalization of climate in Lorestan Province. Journal of Physical geography. N.11. 23-45. (In Persian)
Yorks, T.P., West , N.E and Capels, K.M.(1992), Vegetation difference in desert shrub lands of west Utah, spine valley between 1933 and 1999. J: Range management. 45(6): 577-589.
Akbarzadeh, M., Moghadam, M.R., Jalili, A., Jafari, M. and Arzani, H. (2007). Effect of precipitation on cover and production of rangeland plants in Polour, Journal of the Natural Resources, 60 (1), 307-322. (In Persian)
