بررسی منشا آلودگی به آرسنیک در خاک و محصولات کشاورزی توابع شهرستان هشترود، استان آذربایجان‌شرقی
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
آزیتا بهبهانی نیا
1
,
بابک نصیری
2
1 - استادیار گروه محیط زیست، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران *(مسوول مکاتبات).
2 - استادیار دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/05/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/08/15
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/08/01
کلید واژه:
خاک,
آب های سطحی,
آرسنیک,
محصولات کشاورزی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: غلظت آرسنیک در خاک و آب می‌تواند در اثر فرایندهای طبیعی مانند رسوب خاکسترهای آتشفشانی، معدن‌کاوی، تخلیه‌های زمین گرمایی ،اکسایش و انحلال کانی‌ها افزایش یابد. همچنین کاربرد علف‌کش‌ها و کودهای حیوانی در کشاورزی می‌تواند باعث افزایش غلظت آرسنیک محیط شود. در منطقه هشترود واقع در استان آذربایجان شرقی، شواهد مربوط به آلودگی آرسنیک گزارش شده است که احتمال دارد به علت آب ، خاک و محصولات زراعی آلوده به آرسنیک باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر شناسایی میزان آلودگی منابع آب، خاک و محصولات زراعی منطقه به آرسنیک می باشد روش بررسی : نمونه برداری از منابع آب های سطحی، خاک، و گیاهان کشت شده در منطقه در چهار فصل صورت گرفت و غلظت آرسنیک در نمونه ها تعیین شد. یافته ها: نتایج تجزیه نمونه های آب نشان داد که میانگین غلظت آرسنیک، 341/0 میلی گرم در لیتر و میانگین غلظت آرسنیک در خاک 95/127 میلی گرم در کیلو گرم و غلظت آرسنیک در محصولات کشاورزی از حد مجاز 1میلی گرم در کیلوگرم کمتر می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج بدست آمده از مقایسه غلظت آرسنیک در نمونه‌ها با مقادیر استاندارد، بیانگر آلودگی آب و خاک منطقه به آرسنیک است که در بیشتر نمونه ها بالاتر از حد استاندارد می باشد. پایین بودن غلظت آرسنیک در گیاهان منطقه می تواند به علت قلیایی بودن خاک و بالا بودن میزان رس باشد. آرسنیک در این نوع خاک حلالیت پایینی داشته و بر روی ذرات رس خاک جذب می گردد و گیاهان کشت شده در این خاک ها، براحتی توانایی جذب این عنصر را از خاک ندارند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Arsenic concentrations in soil and water can be increased by natural processes such as sedimentation of volcanic ash, mining, geothermal debris, oxidation and dissolution of minerals. Also, application of herbicides and animal fertilizers in agriculture can increase the concentration of arsenic in the environment. In the Hashtrood area of East Azarbaijan province, evidence of arsenic contamination has been reported, possibly due to arsenic contaminated water, soil and crops. The purpose of this study was to identify the amount of pollution of water resources, soil and crops in the region to arsenic Method: Sampling of surface water resources, soil, and plants cultivated in the area in four seasons and the concentration of arsenic was determined in samples. Findings: Analysis of water samples showed the average concentration of arsenic 0.341 mg/lit. The mean concentration of arsenic in the soil in the area is 127.95 mg/kg. The concentration of arsenic is less than permissible 1mg/kg in agricultural products in both regions. Discussion and Conclusions: Theresults of the comparison samples with standard values represent water and soil arsenic contamination in this area which in the most samples is higher than the standard. The low concentration of arsenic in the plants in the area can be due to the alkalinity of the soil and high clay content. Arsenic has a low solubility in this type of soil and is absorbed on soil clay particles and plants grown on these soils cannot easy to absorb arsenic from the soil.
منابع و مأخذ:
Matschullat, J., 2000. Arsenic in the geosphere. A review. Sci. Total. Environ. 249(1-3), 297– 312.
Eisler, R., 1994. “A review of arsenic hazards to plants and animals with emphasis of fishery and wildlife resources” chapter 11, in Arsenic in the environment part II, Edited by: Nriagu, J.O., John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Smedley, P.2004. Arsenic occurrence in groundwater in South and East Asia – Scale, causes and mitigation. Technical Report, Vol. II, The World Bank, Report no. 31303.
Nriagu, J.O., 1989. “A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals”. Nature. Vol. 338, pp. 47–49.
Suiling Wang, Catherine N. Mulligan. 2006. Occurrence of arsenic contamination in Canada: Sources, behavior and distribution, Science of the Total Environment., Vol. 366, pp. 701– 721.
U.S. geological Survey. 2001.As in grand water of Willamtte basin, Oregon.
Marcus S., 2007. Mobilisation of geogenic arsenic into groundwater in Västerbotten County, Sweden, thesis of Uppsala University.
Magalhaes, V.F. 2000. As concentration and distribution in Engenho Inlet, Sepetiba Bay, Brazil, Water, Air and Soil pollution. Vol. 18, pp. 83-91.
Hans-Rudolf Pfeifer, Anne Häussermann, Jean-Claude Lavanchy, Werner Halter, 2007, Distribution and behavior of arsenic in soils and waters in the vicinity of the former gold-arsenic mine of Salanfe, Western Switzerland, Journal of Geochemical Exploration 93, 121–134.
Porfeizi, H. 2006. Epidemiological study of the relationship between heavy metals and the occurrence of common diseases in Mayan and Qawpos villages in East Azarbaijan province. East Azarbaijan Province Science and Technology Park. Tabriz University (In Persion)
Darvishzadeh, A. 2006. Geology of Iran Amirkabir publish. (In Persion)
Ghorbani, M. (1997). Geology of Iran. Geology survey of Iran. (In Persion)
Mosaferi, M, Mesdaghinia, A. 2005. Removal of arsenic from drinking water using modified activated alumina. Journal of water and wastewater. vol. 55, 2-14(In Persion)
Amjadi.M. 2005. The zoning plan on the amount and method of release of arsenic in the Bijar and Qorveh water resources of Kurdistan province and the provision of necessary solutions for proper utilization of the waters of the region, Master's Thesis, University of Tehran (In Persion)
15- Page, A. L., 1978. Methods of soil analysis, Part 1. 2ed, Agronomy Monog. 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
16- Black, C. A., 1978. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. 2ed, Agronomy Monog. 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
Zandsalimi, S.N., Karimi, A., Kohandel, 2011. Arsenic in soil, vegetation and water of a contaminated region, Int. Journal Environal Scence and Technology. 8 (2), 331-338.
Zhang, W.H., Cai, Y., Tu, C., Ma, L.Q. 2002. Arsenic speciation and distribution in an arsenic hyper accumulating plant. Science Total Environment. 300, 167–177.
Pirsaheb, M. 2012.Determination of arsenic in agricultural products, animal products and drinking water of rural areas of Bijar and Gharve, Kurdestan Province, Journal of Health food. 2,4(8), 33-42(In Persion)
Netherlands Ministry of Housing, 1991. Environmental quality standards for soils and water, Ministry of Housing, Physical planning and environment
Prosun Bhattacharya, Mattias Claesson, Jochen Bundschuh, Ondra Sracek, Jens Fagerberg, Gunnar Jacks, Raul A. Martin, Angel del R. Storniolo, Juan M. Thir, 2006. Distribution and mobility of arsenic in the Rı´o Dulce alluvial aquifers in Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina, Science of the Total Environment 358, 97– 120
_||_
Matschullat, J., 2000. Arsenic in the geosphere. A review. Sci. Total. Environ. 249(1-3), 297– 312.
Eisler, R., 1994. “A review of arsenic hazards to plants and animals with emphasis of fishery and wildlife resources” chapter 11, in Arsenic in the environment part II, Edited by: Nriagu, J.O., John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
Smedley, P.2004. Arsenic occurrence in groundwater in South and East Asia – Scale, causes and mitigation. Technical Report, Vol. II, The World Bank, Report no. 31303.
Nriagu, J.O., 1989. “A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals”. Nature. Vol. 338, pp. 47–49.
Suiling Wang, Catherine N. Mulligan. 2006. Occurrence of arsenic contamination in Canada: Sources, behavior and distribution, Science of the Total Environment., Vol. 366, pp. 701– 721.
U.S. geological Survey. 2001.As in grand water of Willamtte basin, Oregon.
Marcus S., 2007. Mobilisation of geogenic arsenic into groundwater in Västerbotten County, Sweden, thesis of Uppsala University.
Magalhaes, V.F. 2000. As concentration and distribution in Engenho Inlet, Sepetiba Bay, Brazil, Water, Air and Soil pollution. Vol. 18, pp. 83-91.
Hans-Rudolf Pfeifer, Anne Häussermann, Jean-Claude Lavanchy, Werner Halter, 2007, Distribution and behavior of arsenic in soils and waters in the vicinity of the former gold-arsenic mine of Salanfe, Western Switzerland, Journal of Geochemical Exploration 93, 121–134.
Porfeizi, H. 2006. Epidemiological study of the relationship between heavy metals and the occurrence of common diseases in Mayan and Qawpos villages in East Azarbaijan province. East Azarbaijan Province Science and Technology Park. Tabriz University (In Persion)
Darvishzadeh, A. 2006. Geology of Iran Amirkabir publish. (In Persion)
Ghorbani, M. (1997). Geology of Iran. Geology survey of Iran. (In Persion)
Mosaferi, M, Mesdaghinia, A. 2005. Removal of arsenic from drinking water using modified activated alumina. Journal of water and wastewater. vol. 55, 2-14(In Persion)
Amjadi.M. 2005. The zoning plan on the amount and method of release of arsenic in the Bijar and Qorveh water resources of Kurdistan province and the provision of necessary solutions for proper utilization of the waters of the region, Master's Thesis, University of Tehran (In Persion)
15- Page, A. L., 1978. Methods of soil analysis, Part 1. 2ed, Agronomy Monog. 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
16- Black, C. A., 1978. Methods of soil analysis, Part 2. 2ed, Agronomy Monog. 9, ASA, Madison, WI.
Zandsalimi, S.N., Karimi, A., Kohandel, 2011. Arsenic in soil, vegetation and water of a contaminated region, Int. Journal Environal Scence and Technology. 8 (2), 331-338.
Zhang, W.H., Cai, Y., Tu, C., Ma, L.Q. 2002. Arsenic speciation and distribution in an arsenic hyper accumulating plant. Science Total Environment. 300, 167–177.
Pirsaheb, M. 2012.Determination of arsenic in agricultural products, animal products and drinking water of rural areas of Bijar and Gharve, Kurdestan Province, Journal of Health food. 2,4(8), 33-42(In Persion)
Netherlands Ministry of Housing, 1991. Environmental quality standards for soils and water, Ministry of Housing, Physical planning and environment
Prosun Bhattacharya, Mattias Claesson, Jochen Bundschuh, Ondra Sracek, Jens Fagerberg, Gunnar Jacks, Raul A. Martin, Angel del R. Storniolo, Juan M. Thir, 2006. Distribution and mobility of arsenic in the Rı´o Dulce alluvial aquifers in Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina, Science of the Total Environment 358, 97– 120
