رابطه شاخص سطح برگ و فاصله از جاده جنگلي در دامنههاي خاکبرداري و خاکريزي
محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی
آزاده دلجویی
1
,
سید محمدمعین صادقی
2
,
احسان عبدی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی جنگل، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه جنگلداری و اقتصاد جنگل، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: اکولوژي جاده, عکس¬برداري نيم¬کروي, جنگل خيرود, خط¬نمونه, فاصله موثر جاده.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمينه و هدف: در اکولوژي جنگل از شاخص سطح برگ (LAI) به عنوان پارامتر بيانکننده واکنش تاجپوشش درختان نسبت به تغييرات محيط، استفاده ميشود. هدف از اين پژوهش، بررسي مقدار LAI در حاشيه جادههاي درجه 3 جنگلي و مقايسه آن با مقدار LAI در درون جنگل به تفکيک دامنههاي خاکبرداري و خاکريزي در تيپ ممرز-راش در جنگل خيرود بود.
روش بررسي: 16 خطنمونه بهطول 100 متر (هشت خطنمونه در هر دامنه) از حاشيه جاده تا درون جنگل تصادفي انتخاب و در طول هر خطنمونه، 9 نقطه با فواصل مختلف از حاشيه جاده (صفر، پنج، 10، 15، 20، 30، 45، 60 و 100 متري) انتخاب و در اين فواصل، عکسبرداري از تاجپوشش با روش عکسبرداري نيمکروي انجام شد.
يافتهها: بر اساس آزمون tجفتي، ميانگين مقدار LAI بهدست آمده در دامنه خاکريزي (29/3) به طور معنيداري بيشتر از دامنه خاکبرداري (15/3) بهدست آمد (026/0 =p). بر اساس آزمون توکي، مقدار LAI در هر دو دامنه خاکبرداري و خاکريزي در فواصل صفر و پنج متري، به طور معنيداري کمتر از فواصل 15 متري و بيشتر از 15 متر بهدستآمد (05/0 p <). براساس پارامترهاي ضريب تبيين، ضريب کارآيي Nash و Sutcliffe’s، خطاي اريبي ميانگين و درصد خطاي ميانگين نرمالشده، بهترين رابطهي برازش داده شده بين LAI و فاصله از جاده در هر دو دامنه به صورت لگاريتمي دوطرفه حاصل شد.
بحث و نتيجهگيري: گذشت 26 سال از ساخت جاده، عرض بستر کم، تردد کم و هماهنگ بودن ساخت جادههاي خيرود با طبيعت و توپوگرافي سبب شده است که اثر منفي جاده بر LAI تا حداکثر 10 متري از عمق جنگل مشاهده شود.
Background and Objective: In forest ecology, Leaf Area Index (LAI) was used as a parameter of vegetation canopy response to environmental change. The aim was to compare the value of leaf area index (LAI) in the edges of secondary forest roads with LAI value in the forest interior on both cut and fill slopes in hornbeam-beech stands located in Kheyrud forest.
Method: Sixteen transects with the length of 100 meters (eight transects in fill slopes and eight transects in cut slopes) extending from the road edges into the forest were selected randomly in and along each transect, the canopy were hemispherically photographed in 9 points with different distances from the roadside (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 100 meters).
Findings: Average values of LAI in fill slopes (3.29) was obtained significantly greater than that of cut slopes (3.15) (p = 0.026). LAI values at the zero and five meters into the forest were significantly lower than 15 meter both in cut and fill slopes (p < 0.05). Reciprocal logarithmic was found as the best relation between LAI and distance from road edges in both slopes based on the parameters of determination coefficient, Nash and Sutcliffe's efficiency coefficient, mean bias error, and normalized mean percentage error.
Discussion and Conclusion: Over the past 26 years of road constructing, low road width, low-traffic have been according based on nature and topography of Kheyrud as a natural forest which was resulted in mitigating the negative effects of forest roads on LAI up to maximum 10 meters into the forest interior.
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