بررسی بیوراکتورهای غشایی نوین در تجزیه بیولوژیکی شیرابه مراکز دفن پسماند شهری
محورهای موضوعی :
پسماند
محمد اعتمادی
1
(دانش آموخته مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، دانشکده فنی مهندسی کبودراهنگ، همدان، ایران.)
مرتضی شکری
2
(استادیار گروه مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، دانشکده فنی مهندسی کبودراهنگ، همدان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات))
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/08/16
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/06/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/05/01
کلید واژه:
پایلوت هوازی,
بیوراکتورهای غشایی,
مرکز دفن پسماند,
کربن دانه ای فعال,
تجزیه بیولوژیکی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: در این مقاله، به تنویر و بررسی بیوراکتورهای غشایی (MBR) مورد استفاده در مراکز دفن پسماندهای شهری پرداخته شده است. از آن جا که امروزه میزان تولید سرانه زباله در حال افزایش بوده و به علت عدم توازن بین حجم زباله های تولیدی و بازیافتی در اکثر مناطق جهان، نحوه مدیریت و جمع آوری پسماندها چالش برانگیز بوده، لذا روش دفن بهداشتی زباله های تولیدی، بهترین روش کاربردی در اکثر کشورها می باشد. در این راستا، کنترل و مدیریت شیرابه های تولیدی در مراکز دفن پسماند به جهت جلوگیری از آب های زیرزمینی و خاک امری لازم و ضروری است.
روش بررسی: در این تحقیق، به بررسی مطالعات صورت گرفته بر روی تعدادی از جدیدترین بیوراکتورهای غشایی کاربردی در مراکز دفن پسماند شهری بزرگ، مزایا و معایب هریک از این روش ها و موارد کاربرد آن ها پرداخته شده است. به همین منظور، مقالات و پژوهش های اخیر در حوزه تجزیه بیولوژیکی شیرابه ها مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار گرفتند.
یافته ها: از میان روش های مختلف تصفیه بیولوژیکی، سیستم مرکب به عنوان یکی از موثرترین و توان مندترین روش تصفیه و تجزیه بیولوژیکی پساب ها مورد ارزیابی قرار می گیرد و در انتها نیز دو مدل پایلوت هوازی به منظور جلوگیری از رسوب گذاری غشاها جهت نمایش عملکرد کربن دانه ای فعال مقایسه شده است. هم چنین، میزان پاک سازی پارامترهای مهم آلاینده پساب ها نظیر COD و NH3-N در حضور کربن دانه ای فعال بررسی شدند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: به منظور تصفیه شیرابه های مراکز دفن پسماند شهری، روش های مختلفی استفاده می گردد که هریک دارای نقاط قوت و ضعف هستند. با بررسی و امکان سنجی سایت دفن زباله های شهری، می توان بهینه ترین و موثرترین روش را از نظر عملکرد و هزینه را براساس نیاز انتخاب نمود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: This article, demonstrate uses of Membrane Bio Reactors in municipal landfills. Because of daily increasing sweeping amounts and no balance between generation and recycling of them in the most part of the world, type of management and gathering of sweeping has challenged. Thus hygienic burial method for generated sweeping is one of the applied methods in many countries. Hence, monitoring and management of productive leachate of municipal landfills to prevent underground water and soil from pollutant is obligatory.
Material and Methodology: In this study, some modern Membrane Bio Reactors in municipal landfill were investigated. Then, advantages, defects, and application of each ones have been considered. Therefore, recent articles and researches about biodegrading of leachate were studied.
Findings: Among the various methods of biological treatment, complex system method is one of the effective and strong approaches to treatment and biodegrading of wastewaters. Finally, to showing active carbon action for prevention of membranes fouling, two aerobic pilots with equal conditions were compared. Also, clearing the important parameters of wastewater contaminants such as COD and NH3-N in the presence of granular activated carbon was compared.
Discussion and Conclusion: In order to treatment of municipal landfills leachate lots of methods with strengths and weaknesses is used. With investigation and Feasibility of municipal landfill site, the most efficient and effective method in terms of performance and cost based on need can be selected.
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منابع و مأخذ:
Schiopu AM, Gavrilescu M. Options for the treatment and management of municipal landfill leachate: common and specific issues. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water. 2010;38(12):1101-10.
Wiszniowski J, Robert D, Surmacz-Gorska J, Miksch K, Weber J. Landfill leachate treatment methods: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2006;4(1):51-61.
Baig S, Coulomb I, Courant P, Liechti P. Treatment of landfill leachates: Lapeyrouse and Satrod case studies. 1999.
Renou S, Givaudan J, Poulain S, Dirassouyan F, Moulin P. Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity. Journal of hazardous materials. 2008;150(3):468-93.
Bohdziewicz J, Kwarciak A. The application of hybrid system UASB reactor-RO in landfill leachate treatment. Desalination. 2008;222(1):128-34.
Wang LK, Menon R. Treatment of industrial effluents, municipal wastes, and potable water by membrane bioreactors. Membrane and Desalination Technologies: Springer; 2011. p. 201-36.
Yang W, Cicek N, Ilg J. State-of-the-art of membrane bioreactors: Worldwide research and commercial applications in North America. Journal of membrane science. 2006; 270 (1): 201-11.
Cicek N. A review of membrane bioreactors and their potential application in the treatment of agricultural wastewater. Canadian Biosystems Engineering. 2003;45:6.37-6.
Ng AN, Kim AS. A mini-review of modeling studies on membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment for municipal wastewaters. Desalination. 2007;212(1):261-81.
Lesjean B, Huisjes E. Survey of the European MBR market: trends and perspectives. Desalination. 2008; 231(1):71-81.
Chiemchaisri C, Chiemchaisri W, Nindee P, Chang C, Yamamoto K. Treatment performance and microbial characteristics in two-stage membrane bioreactor applied to partially stabilized leachate. Water Science & Technology. 2011;64(5):1064-72.
Li G, Wang W, Du Q. Applicability of nanofiltration for the advanced treatment of landfill leachate. Journal of applied polymer science. 2010;116(4):2343-7.
Robinson T. Membrane bioreactors: Nanotechnology improves landfill leachate quality. Filtration & separation. 2007;44(9):38-9.
Schwarzenbeck N, Leonhard K, Wilderer P. Treatment of landfill leachate-High tech or low tech? A case study. Water Science & Technology. 2004;48(11):277-84.
Puszczało E, Bohdziewicz J, Świerczyńska A. The influence of percentage share of municipal landfil leachates in a mixture with synthetic wastewater on the effectiveness of a treatment process with use of membrane bioreactor. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2010;14(1-3):16-20.
Svojitka J, Wintgens T, Melin T. Treatment of landfill leachate in a bench scale MBR. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2009;9(1-3):136-41.
Lin H, Peng W, Zhang M, Chen J, Hong H, Zhang Y. A review on anaerobic membrane bioreactors: applications, membrane fouling and future perspectives. Desalination. 2013;314:169-88.
Grethlein HE. Anaerobic digestion and membrane separation of domestic wastewater. Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation). 1978:754-63.
Li A, Kothari D, Corrado J, editors. Application of membrane anaerobic reactor system for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University (USA); 1984.
Vallero M, Lettinga G, Lens P. Long-term adaptation of methanol-fed thermophilic (55 C) sulfate-reducing reactors to NaCl. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2003;30(6):375-82.
Willetts J, Ashbolt N, Moosbrugger R, Aslam M. The use of a thermophilic anaerobic system for pretreatment of textile dye wastewater. Waste Minimisation and End of Pipe Treatment in Chemical and Petrochemical Industries. 2000; 42(5):309-16.
Le-Clech P, Chen V, Fane TA. Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment. Journal of Membrane Science. 2006;284(1):17-53.
Brockmann M, Seyfried C. Sludge activity and cross-flow microfiltration—a non-beneficial relationship. Water Science and Technology. 1996;34(9):205-13.
Ghyoot W, Verstraete W. Coupling membrane filtration to anaerobic primary sludge digestion. Environmental technology. 1997; 18(6):569-80.
Campagna M, Çakmakcı M, Yaman FB, Özkaya B. Molecular weight distribution of a full-scale landfill leachate treatment by membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration membrane. Waste management. 2013; 33(4):866-70.
Ersu C, Ong S. Treatment of wastewater containing phenol using a tubular ceramic membrane bioreactor. Environmental technology. 2008; 29(2):225-34.
Lin H, Chen J, Wang F, Ding L, Hong H. Feasibility evaluation of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for municipal secondary wastewater treatment. Desalination. 2011; 280(1):120-6.
An Y, Wang Z, Wu Z, Yang D, Zhou Q. Characterization of membrane foulants in an anaerobic non-woven fabric membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2009; 155(3):709-15.
Walker M, Banks C, Heaven S. Development of a coarse membrane bioreactor for two-stage anaerobic digestion of biodegradable municipal solid waste.
Ye M, Zhang H, Wei Q, Lei H, Yang F, Zhang X. Study on the suitable thickness of a PAC-precoated dynamic membrane coupled with a bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Desalination. 2006; 194(1): 108-20.
Ma J, Wang Z, Zou X, Feng J, Wu Z. Microbial communities in an anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for municipal wastewater treatment: Comparison of bulk sludge and cake layer. Process Biochemistry. 2013;48(3):510-6.
Xie Z, Wang Z, Wang Q, Zhu C, Wu Z. An anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for landfill leachate treatment: Performance and microbial community identification. Bioresource technology. 2014; 161:29-39.
Liu H, Yang C, Pu W, Zhang J. Formation mechanism and structure of dynamic membrane in the dynamic membrane bioreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2009; 148(2): 290-5.
Hasar H, Unsal SA, Ipek U, Karatas S, Cınar O, Yaman C, et al. Stripping/flocculation/membrane bioreactor/reverse osmosis treatment of municipal landfill leachate. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009; 171(1):309-17.
Insel G, Dagdar M, Dogruel S, Dizge N, Cokgor EU, Keskinler B. Biodegradation characteristics and size fractionation of landfill leachate for integrated membrane treatment. Journal of hazardous materials. 2013; 260:825-32.
Mahmoudkhani R, Hassani A, Torabian A, Borghei S. Study on high-strength anaerobic landfill leachate treatability by membrane bioreactor coupled with reverse osmosis. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2011; 6(1):129-38.
Cath TY, Childress AE, Elimelech M. Forward osmosis: principles, applications, and recent developments. Journal of membrane science. 2006; 281(1):70-87.
Zhao S, Zou L, Tang CY, Mulcahy D. Recent developments in forward osmosis: opportunities and challenges. Journal of Membrane Science. 2012;396:1-21.
Cho YH, Han J, Han S, Guiver MD, Park HB. Polyamide thin-film composite membranes based on carboxylated polysulfone microporous support membranes for forward osmosis. Journal of Membrane Science. 2013;445:220-7.
Nedwell D, Reynolds P. Treatment of landfill leachate by methanogenic and sulphate-reducing digestion. Water Research. 1996;30(1):21-8.
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Schiopu AM, Gavrilescu M. Options for the treatment and management of municipal landfill leachate: common and specific issues. CLEAN–Soil, Air, Water. 2010;38(12):1101-10.
Wiszniowski J, Robert D, Surmacz-Gorska J, Miksch K, Weber J. Landfill leachate treatment methods: A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 2006;4(1):51-61.
Baig S, Coulomb I, Courant P, Liechti P. Treatment of landfill leachates: Lapeyrouse and Satrod case studies. 1999.
Renou S, Givaudan J, Poulain S, Dirassouyan F, Moulin P. Landfill leachate treatment: Review and opportunity. Journal of hazardous materials. 2008;150(3):468-93.
Bohdziewicz J, Kwarciak A. The application of hybrid system UASB reactor-RO in landfill leachate treatment. Desalination. 2008;222(1):128-34.
Wang LK, Menon R. Treatment of industrial effluents, municipal wastes, and potable water by membrane bioreactors. Membrane and Desalination Technologies: Springer; 2011. p. 201-36.
Yang W, Cicek N, Ilg J. State-of-the-art of membrane bioreactors: Worldwide research and commercial applications in North America. Journal of membrane science. 2006; 270 (1): 201-11.
Cicek N. A review of membrane bioreactors and their potential application in the treatment of agricultural wastewater. Canadian Biosystems Engineering. 2003;45:6.37-6.
Ng AN, Kim AS. A mini-review of modeling studies on membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment for municipal wastewaters. Desalination. 2007;212(1):261-81.
Lesjean B, Huisjes E. Survey of the European MBR market: trends and perspectives. Desalination. 2008; 231(1):71-81.
Chiemchaisri C, Chiemchaisri W, Nindee P, Chang C, Yamamoto K. Treatment performance and microbial characteristics in two-stage membrane bioreactor applied to partially stabilized leachate. Water Science & Technology. 2011;64(5):1064-72.
Li G, Wang W, Du Q. Applicability of nanofiltration for the advanced treatment of landfill leachate. Journal of applied polymer science. 2010;116(4):2343-7.
Robinson T. Membrane bioreactors: Nanotechnology improves landfill leachate quality. Filtration & separation. 2007;44(9):38-9.
Schwarzenbeck N, Leonhard K, Wilderer P. Treatment of landfill leachate-High tech or low tech? A case study. Water Science & Technology. 2004;48(11):277-84.
Puszczało E, Bohdziewicz J, Świerczyńska A. The influence of percentage share of municipal landfil leachates in a mixture with synthetic wastewater on the effectiveness of a treatment process with use of membrane bioreactor. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2010;14(1-3):16-20.
Svojitka J, Wintgens T, Melin T. Treatment of landfill leachate in a bench scale MBR. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2009;9(1-3):136-41.
Lin H, Peng W, Zhang M, Chen J, Hong H, Zhang Y. A review on anaerobic membrane bioreactors: applications, membrane fouling and future perspectives. Desalination. 2013;314:169-88.
Grethlein HE. Anaerobic digestion and membrane separation of domestic wastewater. Journal (Water Pollution Control Federation). 1978:754-63.
Li A, Kothari D, Corrado J, editors. Application of membrane anaerobic reactor system for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. Proceedings of the Industrial Waste Conference, Purdue University (USA); 1984.
Vallero M, Lettinga G, Lens P. Long-term adaptation of methanol-fed thermophilic (55 C) sulfate-reducing reactors to NaCl. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2003;30(6):375-82.
Willetts J, Ashbolt N, Moosbrugger R, Aslam M. The use of a thermophilic anaerobic system for pretreatment of textile dye wastewater. Waste Minimisation and End of Pipe Treatment in Chemical and Petrochemical Industries. 2000; 42(5):309-16.
Le-Clech P, Chen V, Fane TA. Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment. Journal of Membrane Science. 2006;284(1):17-53.
Brockmann M, Seyfried C. Sludge activity and cross-flow microfiltration—a non-beneficial relationship. Water Science and Technology. 1996;34(9):205-13.
Ghyoot W, Verstraete W. Coupling membrane filtration to anaerobic primary sludge digestion. Environmental technology. 1997; 18(6):569-80.
Campagna M, Çakmakcı M, Yaman FB, Özkaya B. Molecular weight distribution of a full-scale landfill leachate treatment by membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration membrane. Waste management. 2013; 33(4):866-70.
Ersu C, Ong S. Treatment of wastewater containing phenol using a tubular ceramic membrane bioreactor. Environmental technology. 2008; 29(2):225-34.
Lin H, Chen J, Wang F, Ding L, Hong H. Feasibility evaluation of submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor for municipal secondary wastewater treatment. Desalination. 2011; 280(1):120-6.
An Y, Wang Z, Wu Z, Yang D, Zhou Q. Characterization of membrane foulants in an anaerobic non-woven fabric membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2009; 155(3):709-15.
Walker M, Banks C, Heaven S. Development of a coarse membrane bioreactor for two-stage anaerobic digestion of biodegradable municipal solid waste.
Ye M, Zhang H, Wei Q, Lei H, Yang F, Zhang X. Study on the suitable thickness of a PAC-precoated dynamic membrane coupled with a bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment. Desalination. 2006; 194(1): 108-20.
Ma J, Wang Z, Zou X, Feng J, Wu Z. Microbial communities in an anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for municipal wastewater treatment: Comparison of bulk sludge and cake layer. Process Biochemistry. 2013;48(3):510-6.
Xie Z, Wang Z, Wang Q, Zhu C, Wu Z. An anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) for landfill leachate treatment: Performance and microbial community identification. Bioresource technology. 2014; 161:29-39.
Liu H, Yang C, Pu W, Zhang J. Formation mechanism and structure of dynamic membrane in the dynamic membrane bioreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2009; 148(2): 290-5.
Hasar H, Unsal SA, Ipek U, Karatas S, Cınar O, Yaman C, et al. Stripping/flocculation/membrane bioreactor/reverse osmosis treatment of municipal landfill leachate. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009; 171(1):309-17.
Insel G, Dagdar M, Dogruel S, Dizge N, Cokgor EU, Keskinler B. Biodegradation characteristics and size fractionation of landfill leachate for integrated membrane treatment. Journal of hazardous materials. 2013; 260:825-32.
Mahmoudkhani R, Hassani A, Torabian A, Borghei S. Study on high-strength anaerobic landfill leachate treatability by membrane bioreactor coupled with reverse osmosis. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2011; 6(1):129-38.
Cath TY, Childress AE, Elimelech M. Forward osmosis: principles, applications, and recent developments. Journal of membrane science. 2006; 281(1):70-87.
Zhao S, Zou L, Tang CY, Mulcahy D. Recent developments in forward osmosis: opportunities and challenges. Journal of Membrane Science. 2012;396:1-21.
Cho YH, Han J, Han S, Guiver MD, Park HB. Polyamide thin-film composite membranes based on carboxylated polysulfone microporous support membranes for forward osmosis. Journal of Membrane Science. 2013;445:220-7.
Nedwell D, Reynolds P. Treatment of landfill leachate by methanogenic and sulphate-reducing digestion. Water Research. 1996;30(1):21-8.
