بررسی تأثیر عوامل مؤثر بر راندمان کاربرد آب آبیاری نواری در شرایط عمق توسعه ریشه موجود و قابل توسعه گندم در اراضی حمیدیه (خوزستان)

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری

آرش تافته ¹ , محمدرضا امداد ² , سعید غالبی ³

1 - دکتری آبیاری و زهکشی؛ بخش آبیاری و فیزیک خاک موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب کرج؛ ایران
2 - موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب
3 - موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/09/18 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/01/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/03/01

کلید واژه: حمیدیه, آبیاری نواری, عمق توسعه ریشه, راندمان کاربرد آب,

چکیده مقاله :

این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی تغییرات ابعاد نوار و عمق توسعه ریشه گندم در منطقه حمیدیه خوزستان بر تغییر راندمان کاربرد آب انجام شد، خاک منطقه دارای بافت سنگین clay loam بوده و آزمایش در سه مزرعه آزمایشی بر اساس کار معمول زارع و اندازه‌گیری مستقیم جهت واسنجی مدل SRFR 4.1.3 WIN- در سال 1393 انجام شد. عمق مؤثر توسعه ریشه گندم رقم چمران 100 روز پس از کاشت (اوایل اسفند ماه در زمان پس از گل‌دهی) 40 سانتی‌متر اندازه‌گیری و راندمان کاربرد آب در آبیاری نواری در شرایط زارع حدود 30 درصد تعیین شد. نتایج شبیه‌سازی شده با این مدل در شرایط عمق توسعه ریشه 40 سانتی‌متر و عمق خالص آب آبیاری 50 میلی‌متر نشان داد که با دبی ورودی 18 لیتر بر ثانیه، زمان آبیاری 3 تا 5/3 ساعت، و ابعاد نوار با طول 180 و عرض 10 متر امکان افزایش راندمان کاربرد آب تا 40 درصد فراهم می‌باشد. چنانچه عمق توسعه ریشه به 50 سانتی‌متر و عمق خالص آب آبیاری 70 میلی‌متر افزایش یابد (در شرایط بهبود وضعیت خاک) در شرایط پیشنهادی که 33 درصد افزایش نسبی به شرایط زارع دارد، می‌توان راندمان کاربرد آب را به 50 درصد افزایش داد. بنابراین با انجام عملیات مناسب شخم و بهسازی خاک و نیز اصلاح ابعاد نوار و مدیریت آبیاری امکان افزایش نسبی راندمان کاربرد آب نسبت به شرایط زارع در حدود 66 درصد میسر می‌گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study was conducted to investigate changing of border dimension and the root zone depth in Hamidieh Khuzestan on water application efficiency. Soil of site has heavy soil texture (Clay Loam) and investigation in three farms base of usual method of farmer and   direct measurement to calibration of WIN-SRFR model in 2015 was applied. The effective depth of root development of wheat (Chamran verities) 100 days after planting date (Late February ,After flowering) about 40 cm and water application efficiency in border irrigation in farmer situation about 30% were determined. The simulation results by this model in condition of 40 cm root zone depth and 50 cm net depth of irrigation water show that with 18 lit/s discharge, 3-3.5 h cutoff time and border dimension with 180 m length and 10 m width, the possibility of increasing water application efficiency is up to 40% is provided. If root zone depth and net depth of irrigation water increase respectively 50cm and 70 mm (In condition of improving soil) can be water application efficiency increased to 50% in proposed condition that percent relative increase is about 33% more than farmer situation. So by applied convenient operation plowing and soil emendation and also correction of border dimension and irrigation management can be increase percent relative increase of water application efficiency up to 66 percent in comparison of farmer condition.

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