بررسی معیارهای خطر تاثیرگذار بر سلامتی مدیران یک واحد دانشگاهی بر اساس مدل Holistic Wellness
محورهای موضوعی : -مدارک پزشکی
مرتضی قاسمی
1
(استادیار گروه پرستاری، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران)
فاطمه علیان فینی
2
(مربی گروه بهداشت، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران)
کلید واژه: سلامت روانی و فیزیکی, مدل Holistic Wellness, معیارهای خطر سلامتی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: سازمان بهداشت جهانی سلامت را بعنوان "سلامت کامل جسمی، ذهنی و اجتماعی، و نه صرفا غیاب بیماری" تعریف می‌کند. توجه به عواطف مثبت و رضایت‌مندی از زندگی و رفاه اجتماعی و توجه به ابعاد فیزیکی، عاطفی، معنوی و اجتماعی مقوله‌ای است که در کشور ما کمتر به آن پرداخته شده است و در صورت توجه به این مقوله افزایش سطح راندمان کاری، بهبود عملکرد، رضایت شغلی افراد را بدنبال خواهد داشت. روش پژوهش: در این مطالعه تحلیلی کاربردی، جهت سنجش میزان سلامت و تعیین عوامل خطر تاثیرگذار برآن، کلیه مدیران دانشگاهی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی‌شهرستان اراک پرسشنامه سلامت روانی و فیزیکی براساس مدل Holistic Wellness شامل شش حیطه سلامت فیزیکی، اجتماعی، عاطفی، فکری، حرفه‌ای و معنوی را تکمیل نموده‌اند. یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه تحلیلی 83 نفر شرکت نمودند که میانگین بالاترین میزان سلامت در حیطه سلامت معنوی 1/4 و پایین‌ترین آن در حیطه سلامت فیزیکی 4/3 بود. عوامل سمت شغلی، میزان سلامت فیزیکی، میزان خواب شبانه، بیماری‌های حمله قلبی، کلسترول خون بالا، فشار خون ودیابت به عنوان عوامل خطر شناسایی شد (با میانگین زیر 3). نتیجه‌گیری: در نتیجه این پژوهش، بیماری‌های حمله قلبی، کلسترول خون بالا، فشار خون ودیابت بالاترین تاثیر را در میزان سلامت افراد ایجاد نمودند.
Introduction: Health as defined by World Health Organization (WHO), it is "a state of complete physical, mental and social health and not only the absence of disease". Considering positive emotions, life satisfaction, social welfare and also considering the physical, emotional, spiritual and social dimensions are the issues which in our country little attention has been paid to them; since with attention to this issue, increase operational efficiency, improve performance, job satisfaction will be followed. Methods: In this analytic functional study, to evaluate the health and determine factors affecting it, all managers of Islamic Azad University of Arak have completed physical and mental health questionnaires based on the holistic wellness which includes physical, social, emotional, intellectual, professional and spiritual components. Results: 83 patients participated in the study. The mean score of highest level of safety was 4.1 in the area of spiritual health and 3.4 for the physical health was the lowest. Factors such as the occupation position, physical health, the amount of sleep, heart attack disease, high blood cholesterol, blood pressure and diabetes were identified as risk factors (The mean scores was less than 3). Conclusion: As a result of this research, heart attack, high blood cholesterol, blood pressure and diabetes had the greatest impact on the health.
1- Houlton S. WHO identifies Top Ten Health Risks. Pharmaceutical Executive, February 30. [On line] Available from: http://web22.epnet:pnetcom/citation.asp? [Accessed: 2005-10-12].
2- Petersen P.E & Kwan S. Evaluation of community-based oral health promotion and oral disease prevention - WHO recommendations for improved evidence in public health practice. Community Dental Health, 2004; 21: 319-329.
3- Watson D & Clark L.A. Extroversion and its positive emotional core, 1997. In: Hogan R, Johnson J & Briggs S. (eds.) Handbook of personality psychology. SanDiego: Academic Press. De Boer AG, Wijker W, Speelman JD, de Haes JC. Quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: Development of a questionnaire. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1996; 61: 70-74.
4- Pilgrim D. Some reflections on 'quality' and 'mental health. Journal of Mental Health. Journal of health, 1997; 6(6): 567-576.
5- López S.P, Peón M.M & Ordás C.J.V. Human Resource Managements a Determining Factor in Organizational Learning. Management Learning, 2006; 37(2): 215-239.
6- Keyes Corey L.M & Shapiro Adam. Social well-being in the United States: A Descriptive Epidemiology, 2006.
7- Keys C.L.M. Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 1998; 61(2): 121- 140.
8- Ruhling R.O. Why not exercise? Quest, 2004; 56: 208-225.
9- Hattingh S.P. Environmental health. In: Acutt J. & Hattingh, S.P. Occupational Health: Management and practice for health practitioners. Lansdowne: Juta & Co, Ltd. 2006.
10- Vemuri A.W & Costanza R. The role of human, social, built, and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country levels: Toward a National Well-Being Index (NWI). Ecological Economics, 2006; 58:119-133.
11- Helliwell J.F & Putman R.D. The social context of well-being. The Royal Society, 2004; 359: 1435-1446.
12- Kaplan N.M & Opie L.H. Controversies in hypertension. Lancet,2006; 367: 168-176.
13- Butters J.E, Smart R.G, Mann R.E & Asbridge M. 2005. Illicit drug use, alcohol use and problem drinking among infrequent and frequent road ragers. Drug and Alcohol Dependance, 2006; 80: 169-175.
14- Joshanloo M, Rostami R, Nosratabadi M. Examining the factor structure of the Keyes comprehensive scale of well-being . Journal of Iranian Psychologists, 2003; 3(9): 35-51.
15- Petrus A, Botha, Hein Brand. Development of a holistic wellness model for managers in tertiary institutions. SAJHRM, 2009; 7(1): 9.
16- Verhoeven W M A, Tuinier S, Curfs L M G. Prader-Willi syndrome: the psychopathological phenotype in uniparentaldisomy. J Med Genet, 2003; 40: 112
17- Barzan H, Paknajad A, haghdost A. Factors affecting women's mental health. Journal of Student Research Committee, University of Guilan, 2012; 11:23-24.
18- Carol A. The Stress of Managerial and Professional Women: Is the Price High? Journal of Too18-Beatty Organizational Behavior, 1996; 17(3): 233-251.
19- Abdi masooleh F, Kaviani H, Haghanizade M, Momeni Araghi A. The relationship between burnout and mental health among nurses. Tehran University Medical Journal, 2007; 65(6): 65-75.
20- Khosravi Z, Khaghanifard M. Factors associated with mental health of women working in the fields of management, expertise, and non-government service centers in Tehran. Social Studies of women J, 2007; 13: 27-44.
21- Jacqueline Marie. Role Perceptions of School Mental Health. Agresta Overlapping Functions. Dissertation Abstracts International Personnel: The Sciences and Engineering, 2002; 63(5): 199-208.
22- Boyd D.G, Bee H.L. Life span development. Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2012.
23- Moody H.R, Sasser J.R. Aging: Concepts and controversies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2011.
24- Thomas F, Caitlyn G, Stephanie S. Investigating Holistic Wellness Dimensions during Older Adulthood: A Factor Analytic Study. J Adult Dev, 2015; 22: 239–247.
25- Joseph G, Olsen S. Holistic Wellness as a Means to Developinga Lifestyle Approach to Health Behavior among College Students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH, 2007, 1(56): 29-35.
26- Hermon DA, Hazler RJ. Adherence to a wellness model and perceptions of psychological well-being. J Counsel Dev, 1999; 77: 339–343.
27- Rimal RN. Longitudinal influences of knowledge and self-efficacy on exercise behavior& effects of exercise behavior on subsequent knowledge and self-efficacy. J Health Psychol, 2001; 6: 31–46.
28- Kendzierski D. Self-schemata and exercise. Basic Applesauce Psych, 1988; 9:45–59.
29- Hausenblas HA, Carron AV, Mack DE. Application of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to exercise behavior: a meta-analysis. J Sport Exerc Physiol, 1997; 19: 36–51.
30- Burke BL, Arkowitz H, Menchola M. The efficacy of motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Consult Clin Psychol, 2003; 71: 843–861.
31. Cameron LD, Leventhal H. Vulnerability beliefs, symptom experiences, and the processing of health threat information: a self-regulatory perspective. J ApplSoc Psych, 1995; 25: 1859–1883.
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1- Houlton S. WHO identifies Top Ten Health Risks. Pharmaceutical Executive, February 30. [On line] Available from: http://web22.epnet:pnetcom/citation.asp? [Accessed: 2005-10-12].
2- Petersen P.E & Kwan S. Evaluation of community-based oral health promotion and oral disease prevention - WHO recommendations for improved evidence in public health practice. Community Dental Health, 2004; 21: 319-329.
3- Watson D & Clark L.A. Extroversion and its positive emotional core, 1997. In: Hogan R, Johnson J & Briggs S. (eds.) Handbook of personality psychology. SanDiego: Academic Press. De Boer AG, Wijker W, Speelman JD, de Haes JC. Quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: Development of a questionnaire. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1996; 61: 70-74.
4- Pilgrim D. Some reflections on 'quality' and 'mental health. Journal of Mental Health. Journal of health, 1997; 6(6): 567-576.
5- López S.P, Peón M.M & Ordás C.J.V. Human Resource Managements a Determining Factor in Organizational Learning. Management Learning, 2006; 37(2): 215-239.
6- Keyes Corey L.M & Shapiro Adam. Social well-being in the United States: A Descriptive Epidemiology, 2006.
7- Keys C.L.M. Social Well-Being. Social Psychology Quarterly, 1998; 61(2): 121- 140.
8- Ruhling R.O. Why not exercise? Quest, 2004; 56: 208-225.
9- Hattingh S.P. Environmental health. In: Acutt J. & Hattingh, S.P. Occupational Health: Management and practice for health practitioners. Lansdowne: Juta & Co, Ltd. 2006.
10- Vemuri A.W & Costanza R. The role of human, social, built, and natural capital in explaining life satisfaction at the country levels: Toward a National Well-Being Index (NWI). Ecological Economics, 2006; 58:119-133.
11- Helliwell J.F & Putman R.D. The social context of well-being. The Royal Society, 2004; 359: 1435-1446.
12- Kaplan N.M & Opie L.H. Controversies in hypertension. Lancet,2006; 367: 168-176.
13- Butters J.E, Smart R.G, Mann R.E & Asbridge M. 2005. Illicit drug use, alcohol use and problem drinking among infrequent and frequent road ragers. Drug and Alcohol Dependance, 2006; 80: 169-175.
14- Joshanloo M, Rostami R, Nosratabadi M. Examining the factor structure of the Keyes comprehensive scale of well-being . Journal of Iranian Psychologists, 2003; 3(9): 35-51.
15- Petrus A, Botha, Hein Brand. Development of a holistic wellness model for managers in tertiary institutions. SAJHRM, 2009; 7(1): 9.
16- Verhoeven W M A, Tuinier S, Curfs L M G. Prader-Willi syndrome: the psychopathological phenotype in uniparentaldisomy. J Med Genet, 2003; 40: 112
17- Barzan H, Paknajad A, haghdost A. Factors affecting women's mental health. Journal of Student Research Committee, University of Guilan, 2012; 11:23-24.
18- Carol A. The Stress of Managerial and Professional Women: Is the Price High? Journal of Too18-Beatty Organizational Behavior, 1996; 17(3): 233-251.
19- Abdi masooleh F, Kaviani H, Haghanizade M, Momeni Araghi A. The relationship between burnout and mental health among nurses. Tehran University Medical Journal, 2007; 65(6): 65-75.
20- Khosravi Z, Khaghanifard M. Factors associated with mental health of women working in the fields of management, expertise, and non-government service centers in Tehran. Social Studies of women J, 2007; 13: 27-44.
21- Jacqueline Marie. Role Perceptions of School Mental Health. Agresta Overlapping Functions. Dissertation Abstracts International Personnel: The Sciences and Engineering, 2002; 63(5): 199-208.
22- Boyd D.G, Bee H.L. Life span development. Boston MA: Allyn and Bacon, 2012.
23- Moody H.R, Sasser J.R. Aging: Concepts and controversies. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2011.
24- Thomas F, Caitlyn G, Stephanie S. Investigating Holistic Wellness Dimensions during Older Adulthood: A Factor Analytic Study. J Adult Dev, 2015; 22: 239–247.
25- Joseph G, Olsen S. Holistic Wellness as a Means to Developinga Lifestyle Approach to Health Behavior among College Students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH, 2007, 1(56): 29-35.
26- Hermon DA, Hazler RJ. Adherence to a wellness model and perceptions of psychological well-being. J Counsel Dev, 1999; 77: 339–343.
27- Rimal RN. Longitudinal influences of knowledge and self-efficacy on exercise behavior& effects of exercise behavior on subsequent knowledge and self-efficacy. J Health Psychol, 2001; 6: 31–46.
28- Kendzierski D. Self-schemata and exercise. Basic Applesauce Psych, 1988; 9:45–59.
29- Hausenblas HA, Carron AV, Mack DE. Application of the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior to exercise behavior: a meta-analysis. J Sport Exerc Physiol, 1997; 19: 36–51.
30- Burke BL, Arkowitz H, Menchola M. The efficacy of motivational interviewing: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. J Consult Clin Psychol, 2003; 71: 843–861.
31. Cameron LD, Leventhal H. Vulnerability beliefs, symptom experiences, and the processing of health threat information: a self-regulatory perspective. J ApplSoc Psych, 1995; 25: 1859–1883.
