مطالعه تأثیر محلول پاشی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی بر عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ذرت دانه ای تحت رژیم های مختلف آبیاری

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

مینا نجفی ساعتلو ¹ , مهدی تاج بخش ² , مهدی قیاسی ³

1 - دانشجوی سابق دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.
2 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/10/28 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/06/19 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/10/01

کلید واژه: آنزیم¬های آنتی‌اکسیدانی, تغذیه برگی, سالیسیلیک ‌اسید, سولفات‌روی, عصاره جلبک ‌دریایی, ماده هومیوپاتی.,

چکیده مقاله :

به‌منظور بررسی پاسخ‌های فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ذرت دانه ای تحت رژیم های مختلف آبیاری و محلول پاشی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1397 و 1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه اجرا شد. رژیم های آبیاری شامل: D0: بدون تنش (آبیاری در ظرفیت زراعی)، D1: تنش ملایم (آبیاری در 75% ظرفیت زراعی) و D2: تنش شدید (آبیاری در 50% ظرفیت زراعی) و محلولپاشی در پنج سطح شامل محلول هومیوپاتی اوره (C30 10درصد)، عصاره جلبک‌دریایی، سالیسیلیک‌اسید ۴۰۰ میلیگرم در لیتر، سولفات‌روی ۳ گرم در لیتر و عدم مصرف محلول‌پاشی به‌عنوان شاهد بود. نتایج نشان داد که محتوای قندهای محلول و فعالیت آنزیم¬های آنتی‌اکسیدانی (کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز) با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، افزایش معنی داری یافت و محلول پاشی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشدی نیز منجربه افزایش بیشتر این صفات گردید. رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی با افزایش تنش خشکی کاهش معنی داری نسبت به شرایط بدونِ تنش نشان دادند، بااین‌وجود محلول پاشی باعث افزایش معنی‌داری در محتوای رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. همچنین، پارامترهای نشان‌گر تنش اکسیداتیو مانند غلظت پرولین و محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدئید با وجود افزایش در شرایط تنش خشکی، به‌واسطه محلول پاشی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد کاهش معنی‌داری نسبت به تیمار شاهد تحت تنش شدید و ملایم نشان دادند. باتوجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده محلول پاشی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد گیاهی می تواند با حذف گونه‌های اکسیژن فعال و مضر که با کاهش محسوس محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدئید در این گیاهان نشان داده ‌شد، تحمل گیاهان به تنش خشکی را بهبود بخشید. محلول‌پاشی عصاره جلبک‌دریایی به‌ترتیب منجربه افزایش 21، 43 و 30 درصدی در وزن هزاردانه (2/264 گرم در مترمربع)، عملکرد دانه (11997 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (32458 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در مقایسه با شاهد شد. نتایج نشان داد محلول پاشی تنظیم کننده های رشدی با بهبود فعالیت آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و کاهش تنش اکسیداتیو توانست تأثیر منفی تنش خشکی بر محصول ذرت را کاهش دهد و منجربه افزایش درنهایت بهبود صفات رشدی و عملکرد گردید.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This research was carried out to evaluate the physiological and biochemical responses of maize under different irrigation regimes and foliar application of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The present study was carried in Research Farm of Ur¬mia University throughout tow growing seasons. The experiment was carried out in a Factorial randomizes complete block design with three replications. Three level of irrigation regimes were: without stress (100% of field capacity), mild stress (75% field capacity) and sever stress (50% field capacity) and foliar application were included: (Urea homeopathy, seaweed extract, salicylic acid, zinc sulfate and no foliar spraying as control). Results showed that the content of soluble sugars and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) increased significantly with increasing stress intensity and foliar application of plant growth regulators led to a further increase in these traits. Photosynthetic pigments showed a significant decrease compared to non-stress conditions with increasing drought stress. However, foliar application of PGRs caused a significant increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments. Furthermore, due to foliar application of PGRs, oxidative damage indicating parameters such as proline concentration and MDA content showed a significant decrease compared to the control treatment under severe and mild stress. Foliar application of seaweed extract led to 21, 43 and 30% increase in 1000 seed weight (264.2 g.m-2), seed yield (11997 kg.ha-1) and biological yield (32458 kg.ha-1), respectively compared to the control treatment. According to the obtained results, foliar application of plant growth regulators can improve maize tolerance to drought stress throughout eliminating harmful and reactive oxygen species, which has been shown by a significant reduction in MDA content in these plants.

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