مطالعه تأثیر محلول پاشی تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی بر عملکرد و خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ذرت دانه ای تحت رژیم های مختلف آبیاری
الموضوعات : Journal of Crop Ecophysiologyمینا نجفی ساعتلو 1 , مهدی تاج بخش 2 , مهدی قیاسی 3
1 - دانشجوی سابق دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.
2 - گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: آنزیم¬های آنتیاکسیدانی, تغذیه برگی, سالیسیلیک اسید, سولفاتروی, عصاره جلبک دریایی, ماده هومیوپاتی.,
ملخص المقالة :
بهمنظور بررسی پاسخهای فیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ذرت دانه ای تحت رژیم های مختلف آبیاری و محلول پاشی تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی، آزمایشی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1397 و 1398 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه اجرا شد. رژیم های آبیاری شامل: D0: بدون تنش (آبیاری در ظرفیت زراعی)، D1: تنش ملایم (آبیاری در 75% ظرفیت زراعی) و D2: تنش شدید (آبیاری در 50% ظرفیت زراعی) و محلولپاشی در پنج سطح شامل محلول هومیوپاتی اوره (C30 10درصد)، عصاره جلبکدریایی، سالیسیلیکاسید ۴۰۰ میلیگرم در لیتر، سولفاتروی ۳ گرم در لیتر و عدم مصرف محلولپاشی بهعنوان شاهد بود. نتایج نشان داد که محتوای قندهای محلول و فعالیت آنزیم¬های آنتیاکسیدانی (کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز) با افزایش شدت تنش خشکی، افزایش معنی داری یافت و محلول پاشی تنظیمکنندههای رشدی نیز منجربه افزایش بیشتر این صفات گردید. رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی با افزایش تنش خشکی کاهش معنی داری نسبت به شرایط بدونِ تنش نشان دادند، بااینوجود محلول پاشی باعث افزایش معنیداری در محتوای رنگیزه های فتوسنتزی نسبت به تیمار شاهد شد. همچنین، پارامترهای نشانگر تنش اکسیداتیو مانند غلظت پرولین و محتوای مالوندیآلدئید با وجود افزایش در شرایط تنش خشکی، بهواسطه محلول پاشی تنظیمکنندههای رشد کاهش معنیداری نسبت به تیمار شاهد تحت تنش شدید و ملایم نشان دادند. باتوجه به نتایج بهدستآمده محلول پاشی تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی می تواند با حذف گونههای اکسیژن فعال و مضر که با کاهش محسوس محتوای مالوندیآلدئید در این گیاهان نشان داده شد، تحمل گیاهان به تنش خشکی را بهبود بخشید. محلولپاشی عصاره جلبکدریایی بهترتیب منجربه افزایش 21، 43 و 30 درصدی در وزن هزاردانه (2/264 گرم در مترمربع)، عملکرد دانه (11997 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و عملکرد بیولوژیک (32458 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در مقایسه با شاهد شد. نتایج نشان داد محلول پاشی تنظیم کننده های رشدی با بهبود فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدانی و کاهش تنش اکسیداتیو توانست تأثیر منفی تنش خشکی بر محصول ذرت را کاهش دهد و منجربه افزایش درنهایت بهبود صفات رشدی و عملکرد گردید.
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