ارزیابی عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج رقم طارم هاشمی در کشت سنتی و مکانیزه در شرایط زارع
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
مهدی چگینی
1
,
همت اله پیردشتی
2
,
محمدعلی اسماعیلی
3
,
نعمت اله صداقت
4
,
زهرا صابر
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
2 - استاد گروه زراعت، پژوهشکده ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
4 - دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان آمل، آمل، ایران.
5 - دانش¬آموخته دکترای زراعت، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.
کلید واژه: برنج, روش کشت, مصرف کود, آزمون خاک و عملکرد شلتوک,
چکیده مقاله :
این مطالعه به¬منظور دستیابی به عملکرد مطلوب، استفاده بهینه از ظرفیت تولید گیاه و مقایسه شیوه کشت و مصرف کود براساس آزمون خاک بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد برنج انجام شد. آزمایشی به¬صورت فاکتوریل در سه تکرار با دو عامل روش کشت در دو سطح (سنتی و مکانیزه) و شیوه مصرف کود در دو سطح (با و بدون آزمون خاک) در سال 1400 در روستای چائوسر محله شهرستان آمل روی برنج رقم هاشمی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر شیوه کشت بر زیستتوده و تعداد پنجه گیاه در سطح احتمال یک درصد و بر عملکرد شلتوک، تعداد کل دانه و تعداد دانه پر در خوشه در سطح پنج درصد معنی¬دار شد. کشت مکانیزه به ترتیب با 2/4957 و 7/12637 کیلوگرم در هکتار عملکرد شلتوک و زیست¬توده بیشتری (به ترتیب حدود 19 و 20 درصد) در مقایسه با کشت سنتی با میانگین 7/4178 و 8/10514 کیلوگرم در هکتار داشت. کشت مکانیزه برنج، 6/14 درصد تعداد خوشه و 6/21 درصد تعداد دانه پر بیشتری در خوشه نسبت به کشت سنتی داشته است. همچنین مصرف کود از نظر تعداد کل دانه در خوشه در کرت¬های با آزمون خاک، 6/14 درصد افزایش بیشتری در مقایسه با کرت¬های بدون آزمون خاک داشت. مصرف کود با انجام آزمون خاک به ترتیب حدود 3/13، 4/3 و 15 درصد عملکرد شلتوک، ارتفاع بوته و زیست¬توده بیشتری را در مقایسه با مصرف کود بدون آزمون خاک موجب شد. با توجه به نتایج حاصله می¬توان روش کشت مکانیزه برنج و انجام آزمون خاک را جهت افزایش عملکرد در شرایط مشابه این تحقیق بکار گرفت.
The study was aimed to achieve optimal yield, optimal use of plant production capacity and comparison of cultivation methods and fertilizer consumption based on soil test on yield and yield components of rice. A factorial experiment was carried out in three replications with two factors of cultivation methods at two levels (traditional and mechanized) and fertilizer application type (with and without soil test) on Hashemi variety rice in 2021 in Chaousar village of Amol city, Mazandaran province, Iran. The results showed that the effect of cultivation type was significant on biological yield, plant tiller, and number of unfilled seeds per panicle at 1% probability level as well as on the paddy yield, total number of grains per panicle, and the number of filled grains per panicle at the 5% level. Mechanized cultivation had more paddy and biological yields by 4957.2 and 12637.7 kg.ha-1, respectively (about 19 and 20% respectively) compared to the traditional cultivation with an average of 4178.7 and 10514.8 kg.ha-1. Mechanized rice cultivation had 14.6% more number of tillers and 21.6% more filled grain in the panicle than traditional cultivation. Also, fertilizer consumption based on the soil test markedly increased the total number of seeds per panicle by 14.6% compared to the plots without soil test. Also, fertilizer application with soil test resulted in about 13.3, 3.4, and 15% more paddy yield, plant height, and biological yield, respectively, compared to fertilizer application without soil test. According to the results, the mechanized rice cultivation along with soil testing can be used to increase the yield under similar conditions of this research.
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