مقایسه عملکردی حوضچههای آرامش نوع یک و چهار
محورهای موضوعی : علوم آبکورس نکوفر 1 , فاطمه ناصر زارع 2
1 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی - واحد چالوس، چالوس، ایران
2 - کارشناس ارشد، گروه مهندسی عمران، واحد چالوس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، چالوس، ایران
کلید واژه: حوضچه آرامش, اتلاف انرژی, پرش هیدرولیکی,
چکیده مقاله :
حوضچه آرامش سازهای است که برای اتلاف انرژی جریان در پاییندست سرریزها، تندآبها و پایانهها احداث میشود. انتخاب نوع حوضچه آرامش می تواند بهعنوان یک راهبرد در زمینه نوع پرش هیدرولیکی به منظور استهلاک انرژی جنبشی در پایین است سدهای انحرافی و یا پایین دست سرسرهها در شبکههای آبیاری بهطوریکه عدد فرود جریان بسیار حائز اهمیت باشد. حوضچه آرامش تيپ دو مانند حوضچه تيپ يك است، با اين تفاوت كه در ابتدا و انتهاي آن بلوكهايي براي كمك به تلاطم آب و از بين رفتن انرژي وجود دارد بدين ترتيب ميتوان طول حوضچه را قدري كمتر از حوضچه تيپ يك در نظر گرفت. هدف از ساختن اين سازهها تشكيل پرش هيدروليكي در داخل حوضچه ميباشد تا جريان فوق بحراني قبل از رسيدن به قسمتهاي غير كف سازي شده رودخانه به جريان زير بحراني تغيير حالت داده و از انرژي فوقالعاده آن توسط بلوكهاي كف كاسته واز خرابيهاي احتمالي جلوگيري گردد. حوضچههای آرامش دارای تیپهای مختلفی بنا بر نحوه کار و عملکرد میباشند. حوضچه آرامش تيپ يك سادهترين حوضچه آرامش به حساب ميآيد اين حوضچه بدون بلوك و بهصورت افقي و به طول حدود چهار برابر عمق دوم جهش آبي در انتهاي سازههاي انرژيگير ساخته ميشود. بهدليل سادگي اجرا بيشترين كاربرد در شبكههاي فرعي آبياري و زهكشي مربوط به اين تيپ از حوضچههاي آرامش است. شرايط هيدروليكي مناسب براي اين نوع حوضچه داشتن عدد فرود در قبل از جهش آبي به ميزان 4.5 تا 10 ميباشد.
A stilling pond is a structure constructed to dissipate flow energy downstream of spillways, rapids, and terminals. The choice of the type of stilling pond can be used as a strategy in the field of hydraulic jump type in order to dissipate kinetic energy downstream of diversion dams or downstream of slides in irrigation networks, so that the flow Froude number is very important. The Type 2 stilling basin is similar to the Type 1 stilling basin, except that there are blocks at the beginning and end to help with water turbulence and energy dissipation, so the length of the basin can be considered slightly shorter than the Type 1 stilling basin. The purpose of building these structures is to form a hydraulic jump inside the basin so that the supercritical flow changes to a subcritical flow before reaching the non-bottomed parts of the river, and its extraordinary energy is reduced by the bottom blocks and possible damage is prevented. Stilling basins have different types based on their operation and performance. The Type 1 stilling basin is considered the simplest stilling basin. This basin is built without blocks, horizontally, and with a length of about four times the depth of the second water jumps at the end of the energy-consuming structures. Due to the simplicity of implementation, this type of stilling pond is most commonly used in irrigation and drainage sub-networks.
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