بزه دیدگی اطفال و نوجوانان در فضای سایبری با تاکید بر پیشگیری رشد مدار
محورهای موضوعی : جامعه شناسی
کیوان حیدرنژاد
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غلامرضا شیخ زاده
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1 - استادیار، گروه حقوق، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران (نویسنده مسئول).
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه حقوق، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران.
کلید واژه: بزهدیدگی, اطفال و نوجوانان, فضای سایبری, پیشگیری رشدمدار, سواد رسانهای,
چکیده مقاله :
با گسترش سریع فناوریهای ارتباطی و دسترسی گسترده کودکان و نوجوانان به فضای سایبری، این گروه در معرض گونههای نوین بزهدیدگی قرار گرفتهاند. پژوهش حاضر با تاکید ویژه بر رویکرد «پیشگیری رشدمدار» هدفگذاری شده تا بسترهای اجتماعی، روانی و فرهنگی مؤثر بر آسیبپذیری اطفال و نوجوانان در فضای مجازی را شناسایی کند و راهکارهای پیشگیرانهای پیشنهاد دهد که با تقویت عوامل محافظتی در طول فرآیند رشد، خطر مواجهه با آزار، فریب و بهرهکشی کاهش یابد. پژوهش حاضر به شیوه توصیفی- تحلیلی و بر مبنای مطالعات کتابخانهای انجام شده است. تحلیل ها نشان داد که ضعف پیوندهای اجتماعی، کاهش نظارت والدین، کمبود سواد رسانهای و خلأهای قانونی مهمترین عوامل زمینهساز بزهدیدگی سایبریاند. در برابر این عوامل، برنامههای آموزش رشدمدار، مشارکت فعال والدین، آموزشهای مدرسه محور و فناوریهای نظارتی همراه با حفظ حقوق و کرامت کودک نقش محافظتی برجستهای دارند. رویکرد پیشگیری رشدمدار بهعنوان چارچوبی جامع پیشنهاد میشود که با تمرکز بر تقویت ظرفیتهای خانواده و مدرسه، ارتقای سواد رسانهای، تدوین مقررات حمایتی و سیاستگذاری کیفری ملاحظهگرِ حقوق کودک، میتواند بهطور مؤثر مخاطرات فضای مجازی را کاهش دهد. موفقیت این رویکرد مستلزم هماهنگی بینبخشی، آموزش هدفمند و سرمایهگذاری در منابع انسانی و نهادی است.
With the rapid expansion of communication technologies and the widespread access of children and adolescents to cyberspace, this group has been exposed to new types of victimization. The present study, with special emphasis on the "development-oriented prevention" approach, aims to identify the social, psychological, and cultural contexts affecting the vulnerability of children and adolescents in cyberspace and to suggest preventive strategies that, by strengthening protective factors during the growth process, reduce the risk of exposure to abuse, deception, and exploitation. The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on library studies. The analyses showed that weak social ties, reduced parental supervision, lack of media literacy, and legal gaps are the most important factors underlying cyber victimization. Against these factors, development-oriented education programs, active parental participation, school-based education, and monitoring technologies, along with preserving the rights and dignity of the child, play a prominent protective role. A developmentally-based prevention approach is proposed as a comprehensive framework that can effectively reduce cyberspace risks by focusing on strengthening family and school capacities, promoting media literacy, developing protective regulations, and child-sensitive criminal policymaking. The success of this approach requires intersectoral coordination, targeted education, and investment in human and institutional resources.
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