Reducing Mortality and Improving Performance Due to Ascites by Supplementing with Broccoli Ethanol Extract through Improving Antioxidant Status and Inflammatory in Broiler Chickens
محورهای موضوعی :M. Fathi 1 , S. Saidian 2 , P. Mardani 3 , S. Nikjo 4
1 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
کلید واژه: anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, broccoli ethanolic extract, broiler, cold stress, PHS,
چکیده مقاله :
Ascites syndrome is one of the most important metabolic disorders in growing broiler chickens worldwide. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with of broccoli ethanolic extract (BEE) on broiler chickens subjected to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) induced by cold stress. A total of 500 broiler chickens were used in this study. One hundred birds were reared under thermoneutral conditions and assigned to the negative control group (NT). The remaining 400 birds were exposed to cold stress to induce pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) and were randomly divided into four groups of 100 birds each: (1) the CS group, which received a basal diet and served as the positive control; and three treatment groups-(2) BEE-1, (3) BEE-2, and (4) BEE-3-receiving 1000, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg of broccoli ethanol extract (BEE), respectively. Exposure to cold resulted in a 30% incidence of PHS in the control group, characterized by significant increases in relative heart and right ventricle weights, right ventricle/total ven-tricle (RV/TV) ratios, and mortality (P<0.01). Supplementation with BEE at all tested levels significantly improved cardiac parameters and reduced mortality (P<0.01). PHS negatively affected performance traits by reducing body weight gain and feed intake while increasing feed conversion ratio (P<0.01); these effects were mitigated by BEE supplementation, which enhanced growth performance and feed efficiency. BEE supplementation significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation (P<0.01). Inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β increased and IL-10 decreased in PHS-affected birds, while BEE treatment reversed these changes, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects (P<0.01). Hemato-logical disturbances caused by PHS, such as increased WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and heterophil counts, were also significantly alleviated by BEE (P<0.01). Overall, dietary supplementation with ethanolic extract of broccoli effectively mitigates cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and perform-ance losses associated with PHS in broiler chickens.
Ascites syndrome is one of the most important metabolic disorders in growing broiler chickens worldwide. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with of broccoli ethanolic extract (BEE) on broiler chickens subjected to pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) induced by cold stress. A total of 500 broiler chickens were used in this study. One hundred birds were reared under thermoneutral conditions and assigned to the negative control group (NT). The remaining 400 birds were exposed to cold stress to induce pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) and were randomly divided into four groups of 100 birds each: (1) the CS group, which received a basal diet and served as the positive control; and three treatment groups-(2) BEE-1, (3) BEE-2, and (4) BEE-3-receiving 1000, 1500, and 3000 mg/kg of broccoli ethanol extract (BEE), respectively. Exposure to cold resulted in a 30% incidence of PHS in the control group, characterized by significant increases in relative heart and right ventricle weights, right ventricle/total ven-tricle (RV/TV) ratios, and mortality (P<0.01). Supplementation with BEE at all tested levels significantly improved cardiac parameters and reduced mortality (P<0.01). PHS negatively affected performance traits by reducing body weight gain and feed intake while increasing feed conversion ratio (P<0.01); these effects were mitigated by BEE supplementation, which enhanced growth performance and feed efficiency. BEE supplementation significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced lipid peroxidation (P<0.01). Inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β increased and IL-10 decreased in PHS-affected birds, while BEE treatment reversed these changes, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects (P<0.01). Hemato-logical disturbances caused by PHS, such as increased WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and heterophil counts, were also significantly alleviated by BEE (P<0.01). Overall, dietary supplementation with ethanolic extract of broccoli effectively mitigates cardiac dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and perform-ance losses associated with PHS in broiler chickens.
Adesina O.O. and Toye A.A. (2014). Nutritive effect of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) on growth, obesity, lipidaemia and haematology in broiler and pullet chickens. Int. J. Agri. Sci. 13, 11-25.
Ahmadipour B., Hassanpour H., Asadi E., Khajali F., Rafiei F. and Khajali F. (2015). Kelussia odoratissima Mozzaf – A promising medicinal herb to prevent pulmonary hypertension in broiler chickens reared at high altitude. J. Ethnopharmacol. 159, 49-54.
Arab H.A., Jamshidi R., Rassouli A., Shams G. and Hassanzadeh M.H. (2006). Generation of hydroxyl radicals during ascites experimentally. Br. Poult. Sci. 47(2), 216-222.
Aviagen. (2014). Ross Broiler Management Manual. Aviagen Incorporated, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
Babaahmadi Milani M., Zamani M.A., Zahra K. and Mohebbi A. (2020). Use of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) in comparison to ascorbic acid to decrease pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broiler chickens. Iranian J. Vet. Med. 14(4), 372-385.
Baghbanzadeh A. and Decuypere E. (2008). Ascites syndrome in broilers: physiological and nutritional perspectives. Avian Pathol. 37(2), 117-126.
Bhandari S.R. and Kwak J.H. (2014). Seasonal variation in phytochemicals and antioxidant activities in different tissues of various broccoli cultivars. African J. Biotechnol. 13, 604-615.
Bottje W.B. and Wideman R.F. (1995). Potential role of free radicals in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Avian Poult. Biol. Rev. 6, 221-231.
Bottje W.B., Enkvetchakul B., Moore R. and McNew R. (1995). Effect of alpha-tocopherol on antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and the incidence of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (ascites) in broilers. Poult. Sci. 74, 1356-1369.
Cho E.J., Lee Y.A., Yoo H.H. and Yokozawa T. (2006). Protective effects of broccoli (Brassica oleracea) against oxidative damage in vitro and in vivo. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 52, 437-444.
Clarke J.D., Dashwood R.H. and Ho E. (2008). Multi-targeted prevention of cancer by sulforaphane. Cancer Lett. 269(2), 291-304.
Dasgupta T.A.R., Rao Y. and Yadava P.K. (2004). Chemomodulatory efficacy of basil leaf (Ocimum basilicum) on drug-metabolizing and antioxidant enzymes, and on carcinogen-induced skin and forestomach papillomagenesis. Phytomedicine. 11, 139-151.
Dos Reis L.C.R., De Oliveira V.R., Hagen M.E.K., Jablonski A., Flôres S.H. and Oliveira Rios A. (2015). Carotenoids, flavonoids, chlorophylls, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in fresh and cooked broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Avenger) and cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. Alphina F1). Food Sci. Technol. 63, 177-183.
Druyan S., Hadad Y. and Cahaner A. (2008). Growth rate of ascites-resistant versus ascites-susceptible broilers in commercial and experimental lines. Poult. Sci. 87, 904-911.
Fahey J.W., Wade K.L., Stephenson K.K. and Chou F.E. (2015). Separation and purification of glucoraphanin from broccoli seed meal. J. Med. Food. 18(2), 198-204.
Fathi M., Haydari M. and Taimour T. (2016). Influence of dietary aspirin on growth performance, antioxidant status, and mortality due to ascites in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. J. 4(2), 139-146.
Fathi M., Tanha T. and Saeedyan S. (2022). Influence of dietary lycopene on growth performance, antioxidant status, blood parameters and mortality in broiler chickens with cold-induced ascites. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 8, 1-11.
Gaur P.N., Gupta R.S. and Singh A. (2019). Carvone suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Biomed. Pharmacoth. 109, 1698-1707.
Geng A.L., Guo Y.M. and Yang Y. (2004). Reduction of ascites mortality in broilers by CoQ10. Poult. Sci. 83, 1587-1593.
Halliwell B. and Gutteridge J.M.C. (1990). Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: An overview. Methods Enzymol. 186, 1-85.
Hassanzadeh M. (2010). Endogenous and environmental factors interactions that contribute to the development of ascites in broiler chickens: A review. Int. J. Vet. Res. 4, 117-126.
Hemnes A.R., Brittain E.L., Trammell A.W., Fessel J.P., Austin E.D. and Penner N. (2014). Evidence for right ventricular lipotoxicity in heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 189, 325-334.
Hu C.H., Wang D.G., Pan H.Y., Zheng W.B., Zuo A.Y. and Liu J.X. (2012). Effects of broccoli stem and leaf meal on broiler performance, skin pigmentation, antioxidant function, and meat quality. Poult. Sci. 91, 2229-2234.
Hu C., Eggler A.L., Mesecar A.D. and van Breemen R.B. (2020a). Oxidative stress, inflammation, and Nrf2 signaling in cardiovascular diseases. Free Radical Biol. Med. 150, 197-212.
Hu C., Zawawa M. and Jin H. (2020b). Broccoli-derived sulforaphane activates Nrf2 pathway and suppresses inflammation. J. Func. Foods. 68, 103897-103906.
Jiang F., Gao Y., Dong C. and Xiong S. (2018). ODC1 inhibits the inflammatory response and ROS-induced apoptosis in macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 504(4), 734-741.
Kelley N.S., Yoshida Y. and Erickson K.L. (2014). Do n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids increase or decrease lipid peroxidation in humans? Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 12, 403-415.
Lorenzoni A.G. and Ruiz-Feria C.A. (2006). Effects of vitamin E and L-arginine on cardiopulmonary function and ascites parameters in broiler chickens reared under sub-normal temperatures. Poult. Sci. 85, 2241-2251.
Mueller K., Blum N.M., Kluge H. and Mueller A.S. (2012a). Influence of broccoli extract and various essential oils on performance and expression of xenobiotic- and antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens. Br. J. Nutr. 108, 588-602.
Mueller K., Blum N.M., Kluge H., Bauerfeind R., Froehlich J., Mader A., Wendler K.R. and Mueller A.S. (2012b). Effects of broccoli extract and various essential oils on intestinal and fecal microflora and on xenobiotic enzymes and the antioxidant system of piglets. Open J. Anim. Sci. 2(2), 78-98.
Myzak M.C., Tong P., Dashwood W.M., Dashwood R.H. and Ho E. (2006). Sulforaphane retards the growth of human PC-3 xenografts and inhibits HDAC activity in human subjects. Exp. Biol. Med. 232(2), 227-234.
Rahmani M., Golian A., Kermanshahi H. and Bassami M.R. (2018). Effects of curcumin or nanocurcumin on blood biochemical parameters, intestinal morphology and microbial population of broiler chickens reared under normal and cold stress conditions. J. Appl. Poult. Sci. 46(1), 200-209.
Rasha A., Al Wakeel M.S., Abdel Azeez A.A., Mahmoud S.M. and Saad M.F. (2017). Alleviation by gamma aminobutyric acid supplementation of chronic heat stress-induced degenerative changes in jejunum in commercial broiler chickens. Stress. 20(6), 562-572.
Riaz A., Khan M.S., Saeed M., Kamboh A.A., Khan R.U., Farooq Z., Imran S. and Farid M.U. (2022). Importance of Azolla plant in poultry production. World's Poult. Sci. J. 78(3), 789-802.
Ruixia L., Linlin W., Qingqing C., Shengnan W. and Zhao Z. (2020a). Effects of dietary chitosan oligosaccharides on oxidative stress and inflammation response in liver and spleen of yellow-feather broilers exposed to high ambient temperature. Italian J. Anim. Sci. 19(1), 1508-1517.
Ruixia L., Qingqing C., Lilong A. and Zhao Z. (2020b). Dietary supplementation with chitosan oligosaccharides alleviates oxidative stress in rats challenged with hydrogen peroxide. Animals. 10, 55-65.
Saeed M., Naveed M., Leskovec J., Kamboh A.A., Kakar I., Ullah K., Ahmad F., Sharif M., Javaid A., Rauf M., Abd El-Hack M.E., Abdel-Latif M.A. and Chao S. (2020). Using Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia) as an eco-friendly feed supplement in human and poultry nutrition. Poult. Sci. 99(2), 801-811.
Saeed M., Arain M.A., Arif M., Lagawany M., Abd El-Hack M.E., Kakar M.U., Manzoor R., Erdenee S. and Chao S. (2017). Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) meal is an alternative protein source in poultry nutrition. World's Poult. Sci. J. 73, 1-8.
SAS Institute. (2005). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 7.0. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Shao F.J., Ying Y.T., Tan X., Zhang Q.Y. and Liao W.T. (2018). Metabonomics profiling reveals biochemical pathways associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension in broiler chickens. J. Proteome Res. 17(10), 3445-3453.
Shao F., Liu R., Tan X., Zhang Q., Ye L., Yan B., Zhuang Y. and Xu J. (2022). MSC transplantation attenuates inflammation, prevents endothelial damage and enhances the angiogenic potency of endogenous MSCs in a model of pulmonary arterial hypertension. J. Inflamm. Res. 15, 2087-2101.
Sun B. and Karin M. (2013). Inflammation and liver tumorigenesis. Front. Med. 7(2), 242-254.
Tan X., Pan J.Q. and Li J.C. (2005). L-arginine inhibiting pulmonary vascular remodeling is associated with promotion of apoptosis in pulmonary arterioles smooth muscle cells in broilers. Res. Vet. Sci. 79(3), 203-209.
Tang L., Zhang Y. and Jobson. H.E. (2021). Bioavailability and bioactivity of sulforaphane: Implications for human health. Ann. Rev. Food Sci. Technol. 12, 497-522.
Tanna A., Sinha D. and Mishra S. (2022). Mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: emerging role of oxidative stress. Front. Physiol. 13, 867300.
Traka M.H. and Mithen R.F. (2009). Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and human health. Phytochem. Rev. 8(1), 269-282.
Ustundag A.O. and Ozdogan M. (2015). Usage possibilities of mulberry leaves in poultry nutrition. Sci. Pap. J. Anim. Sci. 58, 170-178.
Wideman R.F., Eanes M.L., Hamal K.R. and Anthony N.B. (2010). Pulmonary vascular pressure profiles in broilers selected for susceptibility to pulmonary hypertension syndrome: age and sex comparisons. Poult. Sci. 89, 1815-1824.
Weinbrenner T., Fito M., Torre R.D., Saez G.T., Rijken P. and Tormos C. (2004). Olive oils high in phenolic compounds modulate oxidative/antioxidative status in men. J. Nutr. 134, 2314-2321.
Wu Q., Liu C. and Feng J. (2019). Dose-dependent effects of phytochemicals on antioxidant capacity in poultry: A review. Poult. Sci. 98(7), 2891-2900.
Xiang R.P., Sun W.D. and Zhang K.C. (2004). Sodium chloride-induced acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension syndrome in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 83(5), 732-736.
Yang X.J., Li W.L., Feng Y. and Yao J.H. (2011). Effects of immune stress on growth performance, immunity, and cecal microflora in chickens. Poult. Sci. 90, 2740-2746.
Yuan Y.K., Yuan-Tay K., Shyu S.J. and Wu S.J. (2021). Evaluat-ing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of broccoli treated with high hydrostatic pressure in cell models. Foods. 10, 167-177.
