نقش خانواده‌محوری در کاهش مشکلات رفتاری و روان‌شناختی نوجوانان: مرور نظام‌مند مداخلات تربیتی، درمانی و فرهنگی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه تعالی مشاوره و روان درمانی
1 - Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr Branch, Tehran, Iran.
کلید واژه: خانواده‌محوری, نوجوان, مشکلات رفتاری و روان‌شناختی, مرور نظام‌مند, مداخلات تربیتی و فرهنگی.,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: هدف مطالعه حاضر، بررسی نقش خانواده‌محوری در کاهش مشکلات رفتاری و روان‌شناختی نوجوانان از طریق مرور نظام‌مند مداخلات تربیتی، درمانی و فرهنگی بود.
روش: این مطالعه یک مرور نظام‌مند کیفی بود که با استفاده از دستورالعمل PRISMA اجرا شد. جامعه مطالعاتی شامل ۸۷مقاله داخلی منتشرشده در پایگاه‌های معتبر ملی (NoorMagz، SID، Magiran، Civilica) و ۱۴مقاله بین‌المللی منتشرشده بین سال‌های ۲۰۱۹-۲۰۲۵ بود. داده‌ها با استفاده از رویکرد تحلیل مضمون Braun & Clarke (2006) استخراج و طبقه‌بندی شدند و تأکید بر مؤلفه‌های خانواده‌محور شامل سبک فرزندپروری، سلامت روان والدین، مدیریت تعارض خانوادگی، حمایت هیجانی و تحصیلی، آموزش والدین و تعامل خانواده با محیط بیرونی بود.
یافته‌ها: تحلیل نظام‌مند مطالعات نشان داد که خانواده‌محوری نقش کلیدی در کاهش مشکلات رفتاری و روان‌شناختی نوجوانان دارد. مؤلفه‌های مؤثر شامل سبک فرزندپروری مقتدرانه، حمایت هیجانی و ارتباط گرم والدین، مدیریت تعارض خانوادگی، سلامت روان والدین، مشارکت والدین در مهارت‌های اجتماعی و تحصیلی، نظارت بر رسانه‌ها و فضای مجازی، فعالیت‌های خانوادگی و سبک زندگی سالم، و ارزش‌ها و فعالیت‌های معنوی خانواده بود. این مؤلفه‌ها به‌صورت هم‌افزا عمل کرده و سلامت روان، خودتنظیمی هیجانی، تاب‌آوری و عملکرد تحصیلی نوجوانان را تقویت می‌کردند.
نتیجه‌گیری: مداخلات پیشگیرانه و روان‌شناختی نوجوانان باید با محوریت خانواده طراحی شوند. برنامه‌های چندسطحی و جامع، شامل آموزش والدین، حمایت هیجانی، مدیریت تعارض، مشارکت در تحصیل، نظارت بر رسانه‌ها و ارتقای سبک زندگی و معنویت خانوادگی، می‌تواند سلامت روان و رفتار نوجوانان را به‌طور مؤثر تقویت کند. این مطالعه می‌تواند راهنمای طراحی برنامه‌های مشاوره‌ای، آموزش والدین و سیاست‌گذاری‌های حمایتی در سطح مدرسه و جامعه باشد.
Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of family -based in reducing adolescent behavioral and psychological problems through systematic review of educational, therapeutic and cultural interventions.
Methodology: This study was a qualitative systematic review that was implemented using the PRISMA instruction. After the entry and exit criteria, 55 internal articles and 9 international articles were selected for final analysis. Data were extracted and classified using Braun & Clarke (2006) Themes and emphasized family -based components including parenting style, parental mental health, family conflict management, emotional and educational support, parental education and family interaction with the environment.
Findings: The systematic analysis of studies showed that family -oriented has a key role in reducing adolescent behavioral and psychological problems. Effective components include powerful parenting style, emotional support and warm parenting, family conflict management, parental mental health, parental and educational skills, media and cybersecurity monitoring, family activities and healthy lifestyles, and family spiritual values and activities. These components are coherent and enhance mental health, emotional self -regulation, resilience and academic performance.
Conclusion: The preventive and psychological interventions of adolescents should be designed with family -centered. Multi -level and comprehensive programs, including parental education, emotional support, conflict management, education, media monitoring, and promoting family lifestyle and spirituality can effectively enhance adolescent mental health and behavior. This study can guide the design of counseling programs, parenting education, and supportive policies at school and community level.
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