تأثیر مدت نگهداری بذور تولید شده تحت تنش خشکی بر قابلیت جوانه¬زنی ارقام سویا [Glycine max (L.) Merr] در منطقه کرج
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش های به زراعیآیت شیرود نجفی 1 , آیدین حمیدی 2 , جهانفر دانشیان 3
1 - دانش¬آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران
2 - دانشیارپژوهش سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، کرج، ایران
3 - استادپژوهش سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: آزمون جوانه¬زنی استاندارد, انبارکردن, تنش خشکی, سویا ,
چکیده مقاله :
به¬منظور بررسی تأثير مدت نگهداری بذر و اعمال تنش خشكی در مدت تشکیل بذر بر قلبلیت جوانه¬زنی و برخی ویژگی¬های مرتبط سه رقم تجاری سويا، پژوهشی در مزرعه400 هکتاری مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج و آزمايشگاه تجزيه بذر مؤسسه تحقيقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال كرج در سال¬های 1401 و 1402 انجام شد. بدین¬منظور، آزمون جوانه¬زنی استاندارد برای بذرهای تازه برداشت شده و انبار شده به مدت یک سال سه رقم سویای تجاری صبا (L17)، همیلتون و ویلیامز که تحت اعمال تنش خشكی بر گیاه مادری به¬صورت آبیاری در مرحله پر شدن بذر پس از50، 100 و 150 ميلی¬متر تبخير از تشتك تبخير كلاسA تولید شده بودند، اجرا گردید. سپس درصد گیاهچه¬های عادی، متوسط زمان جوانه¬زنی، ضريب سرعت جوانه¬زنی، متوسط جوانه¬زنی روزانه، سرعت جوانه¬زنی روزانه، شاخص¬های طولی و وزنی بنیه گياهچه تعیین شدند. نتایج نشان داد که افزایش شدت تنش خشکی اعمال شده بر گیاه مادری در دوره تشکیل بذر و نیز نگهداری بذر به مدت یک سال سبب کاهش شاخص-های ارزیابی شده قابلیت جوانه¬زنی بذر و بنیه گیاهچه شده و رقم صبا (L17) از توانایی حفظ بهتر قابلیت جوانه-زنی بذر و بنیه گیاهچه در شرایط مورد بررسی برخوردار بود.
In order to investigate the effect of seed storage period and drought stress during seed formation on germination and some related characteristics of three commercial soybean cultivars, a research was conducted in the 400-hectare field of the Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) in Karaj and the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI) in Karaj. For this purpose, a standard germination test was performed on freshly harvested and stored seeds for one year of three commercial soybean cultivars, Saba (L17), Hamilton, and Williams, which were produced under drought stress exertion on the mother plant by irrigation at the seed filling stage after 50, 100, and 150 mm of evaporation from a class A evaporation pan. Then, the percentage of normal seedlings, mean germination time, coefficient of velocity of germination, mean daily germination, daily germination speed, and length and weight seedling vigor indices were determined. The results showed that increasing the intensity of drought stress applied to the mother plant during the seed formation period and storing the seeds for one year reduced the evaluated indices of seed germination and seedling vigor, and the Saba (L17) cultivar had the ability to better maintain seed germination and seedling vigor under the conditions studied.
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