مایعات یونی برای سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکایتی کارآمد و پایدار: یک مرور جامع
محورهای موضوعی : سنتز و مشخصه یابی نانوساختارها
محمد سعید رجب زاده
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کریم عبدی زاده
2
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فریبا تاج آبادی
3
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نیما تقوی نیا
4
1 - پژوهشکده علوم و فناوری نانو، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشکده مهندسی مواد، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشکده فناوری نانو و مواد پیشرفته، پژوهشگاه مواد و انرژی، کرج، ایران.
4 - دانشکده فیزیک، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: مایعات یونی, سلول خورشیدی پروسکایتی, حلال‌های سبز, فرآیند ساخت سلول خورشیدی, غیرفعال‌سازی.,
چکیده مقاله :
سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکایتی به‌سرعت در بازده تبدیل توان پیشرفت کرده‌اند و در مقیاس آزمایشگاه به بیش از ۲۶٪ رسیده‌اند، اما انتقال این بازده‌های چشمگیر به سلول‌هایی با دوام و در مقیاس بزرگ همچنان یک چالش محسوب می‌شود. یکی از گلوگاه‌های کلیدی، فرآیند ساخت لایه‌های پروسکایتی با کیفیت بالا با استفاده از حلال‌ها و افزودنی‌های سمی و فرار است که مقیاس‌پذیری و پایداری بلندمدت را مختل می‌کند. مایعات یونی به‌عنوان دسته‌ای همه‌کاره از مواد برای رفع این چالش‌ها مطرح شده‌اند. مایعات یونی در اصل نمک‌های آلی هستند که در دمای اتاق یا نزدیک به آن به حالت مایع در می‌آیند و دارای فشار بخار ناچیز، پایداری حرارتی و حلالیت هستند. این مقاله مروری، دیدگاهی جامع از جایگاه مایعات یونی در فناوری فتوولتائیک پروسکایتی ارائه می‌دهد. کاربردهای کلیدی و سازوکارهایی که مایعات یونی از طریق آن‌ها کیفیت لایه پروسکایت را بهبود می‌دهند، از جمله سینتیک تبلور کنترل‌شده و غیرفعال‌سازی عیوب بررسی می‌شود. روش‌های مختلف سنتز و ادغام آن‌ها برای ساخت سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکایت کارآمد بدون نیاز به ضدحلال‌های سمی با جزئیات تشریح شده‌اند. افزایش عملکرد و بهبود پایداری نیز مورد توجه قرار گرفته است، به‌طوری که سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکایت مهندسی‌شده با مایعات یونی بازده‌هایی در حد بهترین سلول‌های خورشیدی موجود (۲۰–۲۴٪) و عملکردی طولانی‌تری تحت شرایط تنش از خود نشان می‌دهند. این بررسی از طریق تحلیل تحقیقات اخیر، نشان می‌دهد که مایعات یونی نه تنها جایگزینی مناسب برای حلال‌های فرار هستند، بلکه افزودنی‌هایی چندمنظوره‌اند که می‌توانند سطح جدیدی از عملکرد و پایداری را در سلول‌های خورشیدی پروسکایتی ممکن سازند.
Perovskite solar cells have rapidly advanced in power conversion efficiency, reaching over 26% at the laboratory scale. However, transferring these impressive efficiencies to durable, large-scale devices remains a major challenge. A key bottleneck lies in the fabrication of high-quality perovskite layers, which typically relies on toxic and volatile solvents and additives that hinder scalability and long-term stability. Ionic liquids have been proposed as a versatile class of materials to overcome these challenges. Fundamentally, ionic liquids are organic salts that remain liquid at or near room temperature, characterized by negligible vapor pressure, thermal stability, and solubility. This review article provides a comprehensive perspective on the role of ionic liquids in perovskite photovoltaic technology. It examines the key applications and mechanisms by which ionic liquids enhance perovskite film quality, including controlled crystallization kinetics and defect passivation. Various synthesis and integration techniques for fabricating efficient perovskite solar cells without the use of toxic antisolvents are discussed in detail. Performance improvements and stability enhancements are also highlighted: ionic-liquid-engineered perovskite solar cells demonstrate efficiencies comparable to the best existing solar cells (20–24%) and exhibit significantly longer operational lifetimes under stress conditions. Through an analysis of recent studies, this review underscores that ionic liquids are not only suitable replacements for volatile solvents but also multifunctional additives capable of unlocking new levels of efficiency and stability in perovskite solar cells.
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