اثربخشی آموزش ذهن آگاهانه مشفقانه بر تحریف شناختی، شفقت به خود، سرمایههای روانشناختی و بهزیستی روانی نوجوانان دختر دارای علائم اضطراب
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه مهارت های روانشناسی تربیتیالهه سرفرازی 1 , تکتم سادات جعفر طباطبایی 2 , سمانه سادات جعفر طباطبایی 3 , فاطمه شهابی زاده 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه روانشناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
2 - استادیار ، گروه روان شناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
4 - دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد بیرجند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران
کلید واژه: ذهن آگاهی مبتنی بر شفقت, بهزیستی روانی, تحریف شناختی, سرمایههای روانشناختی, خودشفقتی.,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر تعیین اثربخشی آموزش ذهن آگاهانه مشفقانه بر تحریف شناختی، شفقت به خود، سرمایههای روانشناختی و بهزیستی روانی نوجوانان دختر دارای علائم اضطراب بود. روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون-پس آزمون-پیگیری با یک گروه کنترل و جامعه آماری شامل شامل کلیهی نوجوانان دختر دارای علائم اضطراب شهر تربتجام در سال تحصیلی 1403-1402 بود که به روش هدفمند 30 نفر از دانشآموزانی که نمره 16 و بالاتر در پرسشنامه اضطراب بک کسب کردند، انتخاب و سپس با تخصیص تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل (هر گروه 15 نفر) قرار داده شدند. برای جمعآوری دادهها از پرسشنامه سرمایه روانشناختی لوتانز و همکاران (2010)، پرسشنامه بهزیستی روانشناختی ریف (1989)، پرسشنامه شفقت به خود نف (2003)، پرسشنامه تحریف شناختی الیس (1998) استفاده شد. آموزش ذهن آگاهی مشفقانه در طی 8 جلسه 90 دقیقهای بر روی گروه آزمایش (هفتهای دو بار) اجرا گردید. دادههای جمعآوری شده به روش تحلیل واریانس با اندازهگیری مکرر با استفاده از نرمافزار spss نسخه 23 تجزیه و تحلیل شد. یافتهها نشان داد که آموزش ذهن آگاهانه مشفقانه باعث کاهش تحریف شناختی و افزایش شفقت به خود، سرمایههای روانشناختی و بهزیستی روانی نوجوانان دختر دارای علائم اضطراب شده است. در نتیجه مشاوران مدارس و روانشناسان کودک و نوجوان میتوانند از این رویکرد در راستای کاهش عوامل روانشناختی مؤثر بر علائم اضطراب نوجوانان دختر استفاده نمایند
The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of compassionate mindfulness training on cognitive distortion, self-compassion, psychological capital, and psychological well-being of adolescent girls with anxiety symptoms. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design with a control group and a statistical population including all teenage girls with anxiety symptoms in the city of Torbatjam in the academic year 2024, which in a targeted way, 30 of the students who scored 16 and higher in Beck's anxiety questionnaire, they were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). To collect data, Luthans et al.'s psychological capital questionnaire (2010), Ryff's psychological well-being questionnaire (1989), Neff's self-compassion questionnaire (2003), and Ellis' cognitive distortion questionnaire (1998) were used. Mindfulness training was carried out during 8 sessions of 90 minutes on the experimental group (twice a week). The collected data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance using SPSS version 23 software.The findings showed that compassionate mindfulness training has reduced cognitive distortion and increased self-compassion, psychological capital, and psychological well-being of teenage girls with anxiety symptoms. As a result, school counselors and child and adolescent psychologists can use this approach in order to reduce the psychological factors affecting the anxiety symptoms of adolescent girls.
Basha, S. E. Rumination, cognitive distortion, and its relation to anxiety and depression symptoms. Indian Journal of Health & Wellbeing, 2015; 6(11). https://openurl.ebsco.com
Bluth K, Clepper-Faith M. Self-Compassion in Adolescence. In Handbook of Self-Compassion (pp. 89-107). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22348-8_6.
Cheang R, Gillions A, Sparkes E. Do mindfulness-based interventions increase empathy and compassion in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 2019; 28: 1765-1779. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01413-9.
Damavandian A, Golshani F, Saffarinia M, Baghdasarians A. Effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on aggression, self-harm behaviors, and emotional self-regulation in delinquent adolescents. Journal of psychologicalscience, 2022; 21(112): 797-818. https://doi.org/10.52547/JPS.21.112.797. (In Persian)
Doering S, Lichtenstein P, Gillberg C, NTR DI Boomsma Toos CEM van Beijsterveldt Lannie Ligthart Gonneke Willemsen Eco de Geus, Middeldorp C. M, Bartels M. ... Lundström S. Anxiety at age 15 predicts psychiatric diagnoses and suicidal ideation in late adolescence and young adulthood: results from two longitudinal studies. BMC psychiatry, 2019; 19: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2349-3.
Eftekhar Afzali AR, Ezadi F. The effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness on self-compassion, emotional ataxia and cognitive distortion of students with love trauma syndrome. Cognitive Behavioral Science Research, 2021;11(2): 61-72. https://doi.org/10.22108/CBS.2022.130356.1564. (In Persian)
Foroughi A, Reisi S, Montazeri N, Naseri M. The effectiveness of mindful self-compassion treatment on sleep quality, rumination and self-compassion in people with cardiovascular disease. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2022; 9 (4): 137-152 http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-1438-fa.html. (In Persian)
Fulambarkar N, Seo B, Testerman A, Rees M, Bausback K, Bunge E. Meta‐analysis on mindfulness‐based interventions for adolescents' stress, depression, and anxiety in school settings: a cautionary tale. Child and Adolescent Mental Health,2023; 28(2): 307-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12572.
Gibby B. A, Casline E. P, Ginsburg G. S. Long-term outcomes of youth treated for an anxiety disorder: A critical review. Clinical child and family psychology review,2017; 20: 201-225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0222-9
Han A, Kim T. H. Effects of Self-Compassion Interventions on Reducing Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, and Stress: A Meta-Analysis. Mindfulness, 2023; 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02148-x.
Hashemi M, Mehdad A, Shokri A. Comparing the effectiveness of resilience, mindfulness and positivity training packages on students' psychological capital. Applied psychology, articles ready for publication, accepted, published online since October 21, 2022. https://doi.org/10.48308/APSY.2022.226971.1315. (In Persian)
Hickey T, Nelson B, Meadows G. Application of a mindfulness and compassion‐based approach to the at‐risk mental state. Clinical psychologist, 2017; 21(2): 104-115. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12132.
Kabat-Zinn J. Full catastrophe Living: Using the wisdom of your mind and body to face stress, pain, and illness. NewYork: Delacorte. 2009.
Li L. I, Mu L. I. Effects of mindfulness training on psychological capital, depression, and procrastination of the youth demographic. Iranian journal of public health, 2020; 49(9): 1692. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v49i9.4086.
Loftus T, Mathersul D. C, Ooi M, Yau S. H. The efficacy of mindfulness-based therapy for anxiety, social skills, and aggressive behaviors in children and young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 2023; 14: 1079471. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1079471.
Lopes A. R, Nihei O. K. Depression, anxiety and stress symptoms in Brazilian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Predictors and association with life satisfaction, psychological well-being and coping strategies. PLoS one, 2021;16(10): e0258493. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258493.
Mohammadi Z, Atashpour H, Golparvar, M.. Comparing the effectiveness of existential acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy based on psychological capital and self-compassion. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2022; 8(3): 120-99. https://doi.org/10.22108/ppls.2022.132212.2255. (In Persian)
National Institute of Mental Health. Any Anxiety Disorder. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder.shtml.
Neff K. D. The self-compassion scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness, 2016; 7(1): 264–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0479-3
Neff K. D, Germer C. K. A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self‐compassion program. Journal of clinical psychology, 2013; 69(1): 28-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21923.
Neff K. D. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and identity, 2003; 2(3): 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027.
Neff K. D, Dahm K. A. Self-Compassion: What It Is, What It Does, and How It Relates to Mindfulness. In B. Ostafin, M. Robinson, & B. Meier (Eds.), Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-Regulation (pp. 121–137). New York: Springer. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2263-5_10.
Noori Pourliaveli R, Ghanbari N, Tabatabaee H, Soleimani Farsani S, Hasani Abharian P. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based compassion therapy on emotional capital in elderly women. Applied Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2021; 13(50): 22-35. https://sanad.iau.ir/journal/sbq/Article/699849?jid=699849. (In Persian)
O’Driscoll D, McAleese M. The protective role of self-compassion on test anxiety among adolescents. Pastoral Care in Education, 2023; 41(2): 211-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/02643944.2022.2054021.
Parsamehr A. The effectiveness of self-compassion based on mindfulness with the mediation of executive actions on the achievement motivation of female students. Master's thesis in general psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. 2020. (In Persian).
Rasoolzadeh B. Comparison of cognitive distortions in people with general anxiety and healthy people. The second national conference of psychotherapy of Iran, Ardabil. 2023. https://civilica.com/doc/1751831. (In Persian)
Royuela-Colomer E, Fernández-González L, Orue I. Longitudinal associations between internalizing symptoms, dispositional mindfulness, rumination and impulsivity in adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 2021; 50(10): 2067-2078. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01476-2.
Ruiz‐Íñiguez R, Santed German M. A, Burgos‐Julián F. A, Díaz‐Silveira C, Carralero Montero A. Effectiveness of mindfulness‐based interventions on anxiety for children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 2020; 14(3): 263-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/eip.12849.
Sadeghi A, Sajjadian A, Nadi M.A. Comparing the effectiveness of compassion-based mindfulness and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on dysfunctional attitudes, self-control, and mental health. Journal of Positive Psychology, 2020; 6(1): 31-48. https://doi.org/10.22108/ppls.2020.120851.1861. (In Persian)
Sanchez A. L, Becker-Haimes E. M, Wolk C. B. Anxiety Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: Prevalence and Diagnostic Considerations. In Handbook of Stress and Academic Anxiety: Psychological Processes and Interventions with Students and Teachers (pp. 149-163). Cham: Springer International Publishing. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12737-3_10.
Segal Z.V, Williams M. G, Teasdale J.D. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for depression. Second Edition New York: Guilford Press. 2018. https://books.google.com.
Serenity K, Komariah M, Sriati A. The Implementation of Mindfulness-Based Intervention to Overcome Anxiety in Adolescents: A Narrative Review. REAL in Nursing Journal, 2023; 6(2): 110-126. https://doi.org/10.32883/rnj.v6i2.2472.
Tali E, Potharst E. S, de Bruin E. I, Utens E. M. Self-Compassion and Anxiety in Adolescents with and without Anxiety Disorder. Children, 2023; 10(7): 1181. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10071181.
Tariq A, Quayle E, Lawrie S. M, Reid C, Chan S. W. Relationship between early maladaptive schemas and anxiety in adolescence and young adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 2021; 295: 1462-1473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.031.
Vander Haegen M, Etienne A. M. Cognitive processes across anxiety disorders related to intolerance of uncertainty: Clinical review. Cogent Psychology, 2016; 3(1): 1215773. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2016.1215773.
Yela J. R, Gómez‐Martínez M. Á, Crego A, Jiménez L. Effects of the Mindful Self‐Compassion programme on clinical and health psychology trainees' well‐being: A pilot study. Clinical Psychologist, 2020; 24(1): 41-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12204.
