تبیین مدل تأثیر عناصر معماری بومی در اسکان پس از سوانح بر حس مکان با استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری: (مطالعه موردی: ایوان در بازسازی زلزله رودبار)
محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی محیطی در معماری و شهرسازی
امیر احمدی
1
,
سعید صالحی مرزیجانی
2
,
سید بهشید حسینی
3
1 - گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران
2 - گروه معماری، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اراک، اراک، ایران
3 - گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر تهران.
کلید واژه: بازسازی پس از سوانح, حس مکان, عناصر معماری بومی, مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری. ,
چکیده مقاله :
هر ساله، بسیاری از مردم خانه‌های خود را در اثر بلایای طبیعی از دست می‌دهند و نیاز به بازسازی خانه‌هایشان دارند. ایران از نظر تعداد و شدت بلایای طبیعی و نیاز بعدی به بازسازی خانه برای افراد آسیب‌دیده، در بین کشورهای جهان رتبه بالایی دارد. با این حال، فرآیند بازسازی و اسکان مجدد، عمدتاً بر جنبه‌های فیزیکی ساختمان‌ها تمرکز دارد و به جنبه‌های عاطفی، شناختی و رفتاری انسان، به عنوان مثال، حس مکان، توجه کافی نمی‌شود. حس مکان مردم می‌تواند تحت تأثیر روش و الگوی ساختمان‌ها قرار گیرد. استفاده از عناصر معماری بومی به عنوان میراثی از معماری گذشته در فرآیند ساخت و ساز، نقش مهمی در ایجاد فضای هویت‌بخش و حس مکان مردم دارد. این پژوهش بر روی روستاهای آسیب‌دیده از زلزله رودبار در سال 1990 متمرکز بود و بررسی کرد که آیا رابطه معناداری بین استفاده از تلار و ایوان به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین عناصر معماری بومی در بازسازی مسکن و درک ساکنان از حس مکان وجود دارد یا خیر. در این مطالعه از هر دو روش کمی و کیفی استفاده شد. مصاحبه‌های میدانی عمیق با ساکنان 12 روستای شهرستان رودبار انجام شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که رابطه معناداری بین استفاده از تلار و ایوان و مؤلفه‌های آن (کالبدی، ارتباطی و عملکردی) و بهبود حس مکان افراد و رضایت ساکنان وجود دارد. همچنین با استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری مشخص شد که ویژگی‌های کالبدی و عملکردی تلار و ایوان به صورت مستقیم و ویژگی ارتباطی به صورت غیر مستقیم بر افزایش حس مکان اثرگذار است. بنابراین استفاده از عناصر معماری بومی به عنوان یک راهبرد اساسی در بازسازی پس از سوانح، می‌تواند تأثیر مهمی در افزایش حس مکان ساکنان داشته باشد.
Every year, many people lose their homes to natural disasters and need to rebuild their homes. Iran ranks high among the countries in the world in terms of the number and severity of natural disasters and the subsequent need for home reconstruction for the affected people. However, the reconstruction and resettlement process mainly focuses on the physical aspects of buildings and does not pay enough attention to the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of humans, for example, the sense of place. People's sense of place can be affected by the method and pattern of buildings. The use of vernacular architectural elements as a legacy of past architecture in the construction process plays an important role in creating an identity-giving space and people's sense of place. This research focused on villages affected by the 1990 Rudbar earthquake and examined whether there is a significant relationship between the use of the veranda and porch as one of the most important vernacular architectural elements in housing reconstruction and residents' perception of the sense of place. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study. In-depth field interviews were conducted with residents of 12 villages in Rudbar County. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the use of the veranda, porch and its components (physical, communicative, and functional) and the improvement of the sense of place of individuals and the satisfaction of residents. Also, using structural equation modeling, it was determined that the physical and functional components of the veranda and porch directly affect the increase in the sense of place, and the communicative component indirectly affect the increase in the sense of place.
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