سیاست گذاری در جهت توسعه پایدار در حفظ محیط زیست و رشد اقتصادی با رویکرد حقوقی
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست
حسن طالبی طادی
1
,
محمد طالبی طادی
2
1 - طلبه حوزه علمیه قم
2 - مدیر گروه فقه مضاف داشگاه باقرالعلوم علیه السلام قم
کلید واژه: حقوق محیط زیست, اقتصاد سبز, توسعه پایدار, رفاه اجتماعی, سیاستهای زیست محیطی,
چکیده مقاله :
با رشد جوامع بشری و استفاده از شعارهای فریبنده‌ای مثل رشد اقتصادی و یا رفاه بیشتر برای انسانها، محیط‌زیست با مخاطرات متعددی روبرو شده است.این امر لزوم توجه ویژه به حقوق محیط‌زیست را در عرصه سیاستگذاری عمومی برای پیشبرد اهداف اقتصادی به صورتی که محیط‌زیست به ورطه‌ی نابودی کشیده نشود بیش از پیش نمایان می‌کند. حقوق محیط‌زیست در بستر مسائل حقوقی، سیاستگذاران را برای تدبیر و اتخاذ چارچوب‌هایی که منافع عمومی آن سبب حفظ و صیانت از محیط‌زیست شود و در عین حال رفاه اجتماعی جامعه را به بهترین نحو تامین نماید کمک خواهد کرد. فعالیت‌های اقتصادی می‌توانند اثرات مخربی بر آب و هوا، جنگل‌ها، زمین و انقراض گونه‌های مختلف جانوری داشته باشند. این آثار منفی می‌تواند پیامدهای اقتصادی قابل توجهی مانند کاهش بهره وری، افزایش هزینه‌های بهداشتی و از دست دادن تنوع زیستی برجا گذارد. در مقابل، سرمایه‌گذاری در حفاظت از محیط‌زیست و توسعه پایدار می‌تواند منجر به مزایای اقتصادی متعددی شود.این پژوهش با استفاده از روش توصیفی-تحلیلی بواسطه مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی نقاط پیشرفت و پسرفت در این مساله‌ی چند وجهی در پی هموار کردن مسیر تدبیر زندگی جمعی سالم در ضمنِ رفاه اجتماعی برای ایرانیان است و بر این اساس به دنبال سیاستهای مفید در حقوقِ محیط‌زیست با رویکرد اقتصادی می‌باشد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تأثیرات سیاستگذاری در حقوقِ محیط‌زیست بر اقتصاد ایران اعم از آثار مثبت و منفی که بر مولفه‌های مختلفی از جمله اشتغال، بهره‌وری، رشد تولید، رفاه اجتماعی و رشد اقتصادی استوار است می‌باشد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که عرصه سیاستگذاری باید یک کلِ متوازن باشد نه یک محیط حقوقی کاریکاتورگونه. لذا با استفاده از مبانی متقن می‌توان سیاست‌هایی را برای حقوق محیط‌زیست تدبیر کرد که در عین استفاده از مواهب الهی سلامت و ایمنی جامعه به خطر نیفتد. لذا اولین قدم در تعیین این سیاستهای حقوقی هماهنگی کامل با یکدیگر می‌باشد.
The expansion of human societies, coupled with the pursuit of ostensibly beneficial objectives such as economic growth and enhanced human welfare, has exposed the environment to numerous threats. This necessitates a heightened focus on environmental law within the realm of public policymaking to advance economic goals in a manner that averts environmental degradation. Embedded within the framework of legal considerations, environmental law can guide policymakers in formulating and adopting frameworks wherein the public interest fosters the preservation and protection of the environment while optimally ensuring societal well-being. Economic activities possess the potential to exert detrimental effects on water and air quality, forests, land integrity, and the extinction of diverse animal species. These adverse impacts can precipitate significant economic consequences, including diminished productivity, increased healthcare expenditures, and the loss of biodiversity. Conversely, investment in environmental protection and sustainable development can yield numerous economic benefits. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology grounded in library research and an examination of advancements and setbacks in this multifaceted issue, this research seeks to pave the way for prudent collective well-being within the context of social welfare for Iranians. Consequently, it aims to identify efficacious policies within environmental law from an economic perspective. The objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of policymaking in environmental law on the Iranian economy, encompassing both positive and negative effects on various components such as employment, productivity, production growth, social welfare, and economic expansion. The findings suggest that the policy arena should constitute a balanced totality rather than a caricatured legal environment. Therefore, by drawing upon robust foundations, policies can be devised for environmental law that ensure societal health and safety are not compromised while utilizing natural resources. Accordingly, the initial step in formulating these legal policies involves complete harmonization among them.
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