واکاوی اکوساید از منظر الزامات حقوق کیفری بینالمللی
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق بين الملل
مونا دوانلو
1
,
فریدون جعفری
2
1 - هیات علمی وابسته دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی
2 - هیأت علمی دانشگاه همدان
کلید واژه: اکوساید, اساسنامه روم, مسئولیت محض, عدالت کیفری بین الملی, جرم بین المللی ,
چکیده مقاله :
در جرایم زیستمحیطی، نخستین بزهدیده، طبیعت و محیطزیست پیرامونی آن است و افراد انسانی غیرمستقیم و با واسطه و در طول زمان قربانی این جرایم تلقی خواهند شد. حقوق کیفری بینالمللی، تاکنون در ارائه حمایت کافی از محیطزیست، موفق نبوده است. این مقاله به ضرورت حفاظت از محیطزیست با ضرورت الحاق اکوساید در فهرست جرایم ممنوعه در اساسنامه روم[1] می پردازد. بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش که مبتنی بر روش توصیفی – تحلیلی است، تعیین اوصاف خاص اکوساید و نگاه با رویکرد بوم محوری به جای انسان محوری در تحلیل مبانی جرم انگاری میتواند در زمان صلح و جنگ، واجد نقش بازدارنده در وقوع کلیه جرایم زیستمحیطی داشته باشد. جرمانگاری اکوساید با استفاده از ابزار عدالت کیفری بین المللی، میتواند این جرم را از رهگذر مسئولیت محض[2] با توجه به ارزش ذاتی محیطزیست به یک جنایت بینالمللی تحت صلاحیت دیوان کیفری بینالمللی[3] با قابلیت رسیدگی در محاکم داخلی در قالب صلاحیت تکمیلی تبدیل نماید.
[1] Rome statute
[2] absolute responsibility
[3] International Criminal Court
In environmental crimes, the first victim is nature and the environment itself and Human persons will be considered indirect and mediated victims of these crimes. International criminal law has not been successful in providing adequate protection to the environment. This article pays attention to the necessity of protecting the environment by using the amendment of the international criminal law which is specified in the Rome Statute. Based on the results of this research, which is based on the descriptive-analytical method, determining the scope of the victims of environmental damage, along with the eco-centered approach instead of the human-centered one, can have a deterrent role in the occurrence of environmental crimes in times of peace and war The criminalization of ecocide is closely related to criminal justice, so the realization of restorative justice can turn this crime from pure responsibility with regard to the inherent value of the environment into an international crime under the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.
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