اثربخشی آموزش کاهش استرس مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر اضطراب اجتماعی و تصویر بدنی منفی افراد مبتلا به اختلال بدریخت انگاری بدن

محورهای موضوعی : روانشناسی

علی اکبر خسروی همپا ¹ , اکبر محمدی ²

1 - کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی بالینی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران [e-mail]
2 - ( نویسنده مسئول)، استادیار، گروه روانشناسی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی [e-mail]، تلفن: [phone]

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/12/09 تاریخ پذیرش : 1403/01/28 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/12/06

کلید واژه: اختلال بدریخت انگاری بدن, اضطراب اجتماعی, تصویر بدنی منفی, کاهش استرس مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده مقدمه: اولین بخش شخصیت هر انسان، بدن و ظاهر اوست. بدن با سایر بخش‌های شخصیت تفاوت دارد، به این علت که؛ به راحتی قابل مشاهده است و همین امر باعث اهمیت بدن و ظاهر در تعاملات اجتماعی می‌شود. هدف از این پژوهش تعیین اثربخشی آموزش کاهش استرس مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر اضطراب اجتماعی و تصویر بدنی منفی افراد مبتلا به اختلال بدریخت انگاری بدن بود. روش پژوهش: این پژوهش از لحاظ اجرا، جزء تحقیقات آزمایشی از نوع روش تحقیق نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش آزمون- پس آزمون با گروه گواه و همچنین از لحاظ هدف، جزء تحقیقات کاربردی به شمار می‌رفت. کلیه دانشجویان دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد گرمسار که در نیمسال اول سال تحصیلی 1403-1402 در این دانشگاه مشغول به تحصیل بودند، جامعه آماری این مطالعه را تشکیل می‌دادند. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس تعداد 20 نفر از این دانشجویان که به اختلال بدریخت انگاری بدن مبتلا بودند انتخاب و به دو گروه آزمایش (10 نفر) و گروه گواه (10 نفر) گمارده شدند. روی گروه آزمایش پروتکل درمانی کاهش استرس مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی کابات زین اجرا شد، درحالی که گروه گواه هیچ مداخله‌ای دریافت کرد. آزمودنی‌ها در هر دو گروه در ابتدای پژوهش پرسشنامه اضطراب اجتماعی کانور و همکاران و پرسشنامه تصویر بدنی مک کینلی و هاید را پاسخ دادند و پس پایان مداخله مجددا هر دو پرسشنامه‌ها را تکمیل کردند. برای بررسی فرضیه پژوهش از تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیره استفاده شد. یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد که آموزش کاهش استرس مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی بر کاهش اضطراب اجتماعی و تصویر بدنی منفیِ افراد مبتلا به اختلال بدریخت انگاری بدن تاثیر دارد. نتیجه گیری: بر همین اساس؛ برنامه‌ریزی برای اجرای کارگاه‌ها و درمان‌های مبتنی بر کاهش استرس مبتنی بر ذهن آگاهی در افراد مبتلا به اختلال بدریخت انگاری بدن برای کاهش اضطراب اجتماعی و تصویر بدنی منفی آن‌ها مفید به نظر می‌رسد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Abstract Introduction: The first part of every person's personality is his body and appearance. The body is different from other parts of the personality, because; It is easily visible and this makes the body and appearance important in social interactions. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on social anxiety and negative body image of people with body dysmorphic disorder. Research method: In terms of execution, this research was part of experimental research of the type of semi-experimental research method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group, and also in terms of purpose, it was considered part of applied research. All the students of Islamic Azad University, Garmsar branch, who were studying in this university in the first semester of the academic year 1402-1403, constituted the statistical population of this study. Using available sampling method, 20 of these students who were suffering from body deformity disorder were selected and assigned to two experimental groups (10 people) and control group (10 people). Kabat-Zinn's mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment protocol was implemented on the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Subjects in both groups answered the social anxiety questionnaire of Connor et al. and the body image questionnaire of McKinley and Hyde at the beginning of the study and completed both questionnaires again after the end of the intervention. Multivariate covariance analysis was used to investigate the research hypothesis. Findings: The results showed that mindfulness-based stress reduction training has an effect on reducing social anxiety and negative body image of people with body dysmorphic disorder. Conclusion: Accordingly; Planning to implement mindfulness-based stress reduction workshops and treatments in people with body dysmorphic disorder seems useful to reduce their social anxiety and negative body image.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Saadatmand E, Mahmoud Alilou M, Esmaeilpour K, Hashemi T. Investigating the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder mediated by self-compassion. IJPN 2022; 10(1): 64-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/IJPN.10.1.64
2. Sadok, B., Sadok, V., Ruiz, P. Summary of Psychiatry Volume I, translated by Farzin Rezaei, Tehran: Arjamand Publishing House, 9th edition; 2018
3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Translation; Rezaei, F. Et al. (2017). Tehran: Arjamand Publication. fourth edition; 2017
4. Angelakis I, Gooding PA, Panagioti M. Suicidality in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD): A systematic review with meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016; 49: 55-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.08.002
5. Jassi A, Krebs G. Body Dysmorphic Disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2023;46(1):197-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2022.10.005
6. McGrath LR, Oey L, McDonald S, Berle D, Wootton BM. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.06.008
7. Sucupira E, De Brito M, Leite AT, Aihara E, Neto MS, Ferreira LM. Body dysmorphic disorder and personality in breast augmentation: The big-five personality traits and BDD symptoms. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2021.11.044
8.Türk CB, Maymone MBC, Kroumpouzos G. Body dysmorphic disorder: A critical appraisal of diagnostic, screening, and assessment tools. Clin Dermatol. 2023; 41(1): 16-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.03.001
9. Samradjah N, Navidi-Moghadam M. The Relationship between Emotion Regulation and Body Dysmorphic Disorder with Social Anxiety and Eating Disorder in Young Women Applying for Slimming Cosmetic Surgery. [Internet]. 2023 May 31 [cited 2024 Apr. 14];10(1):52-63. https://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v10i1.31684
10. Fatemeh Ghasemi Tabegh, Sahar Torabi Zonouz, Majid Mahmoud Alilou, Razieh Pak, Investigating the relationship between symptoms of social anxiety and psychological well-being mediated by fear of negative evaluation and quality of life, Journal of Applied Research in Behavioral Sciences, 2022; 13(47): 69. https://sanad.iau.ir/journal/sbq/Article/700916?jid=700916
11. Wolitzky-Taylor K, LeBeau R. Recent advances in the understanding and psychological treatment of social anxiety disorder. Fac Rev. 2023;12:8. Published 2023 Apr 14. https://doi.org/10.12703/r/12-8
12. Newman MG, Rackoff GN, Zhu Y, Kim H. A transdiagnostic evaluation of contrast avoidance across generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2023; 93: 102662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102662
13. Han B, Du G, Yang Y, Chen J, Sun G. Relationships between physical activity, body image, BMI, depression and anxiety in Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health. 2023;23(1):24. Published 2023 Jan 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14917-9
14. Rojo-Ramos J, Gómez-Paniagua S, Carlos-Vivas J, et al. Associations between Body Image and Self-Perceived Physical Fitness in Future Spanish Teachers. Children (Basel). 2022;9(6):811. Published 2022 May 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9060811
15. Mussoorie, Sh. Comparison of social anxiety, body image and life expectancy in women and men applying for cosmetic surgery with normal people. Master's thesis in clinical psychology. Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr branch. Faculty of Humanities, 2018.
16. Hjeltnes A, Molde H, Schanche E, et al. An open trial of mindfulness-based stress reduction for young adults with social anxiety disorder. Scand J Psychol. 2017; 58(1): 80-90. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12342
17. Chang YC, Lin GM, Tseng TA, Vitale E, Yang CH, Yang YL. The Experience of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Menopausal Symptoms, Sleep Disturbance, and Body Image among Patients with Breast Cancer-A Qualitative Study. Curr Oncol. 2023; 30(1): 1255-1266. Published 2023 Jan 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010097
18. Eisma MC, Janshen A, Huber LFT, Schroevers MJ. Cognitive reappraisal, emotional expression and mindfulness in adaptation to bereavement: a longitudinal study. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2023;36(5):577-589. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2023.2165647
19. Raisi M, Kahrazehi F, Sanagouye Moharer G. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Management Training on Body Image and Death Anxiety in Patients with Thalassemia Major, 2021. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222840.1399.10.0.79.8
20.Baer, R. A. Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinicians guide to evidence base and application. USA: Acadmic Press is an Imprint of Elsevier;2016.
21. Rabiei M, Salahian A, Bahrami F, Palahang H. Construction and Standardization of the Body Dysmorphic Metacognition Questionnaire . J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2011; 21(83): 43-52. http://jmums.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-688-fa.html
22. Connor KM, Davidson JR, Churchill LE, Sherwood A, Foa E, Weisler RH. Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN). New self-rating scale. Br J Psychiatry. 2000; 176: 379-386. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.176.4.379
23. McKinley N.M., Hyde J.S. The objectified body consciousness scale: Development and validation. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 1996; 20(2): 181–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00467.x
24. Dousti P, Hosseininia N, Dousti S, Dousti P. Online group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on body dysmorphic and fear of body image in overweight people. Rooyesh 2021; 10(4): 25-32. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.2383353.1400.10.4.1.7
25. Masoudnia A. Investigating the relationship between self-esteem and social anxiety in undergraduate students. behavior scholar, 2018; 16(37): 49-58.
26. Norozi A., Maleki A., Parsamehr M., Ghasemi H. Investigating the effect of body image and body management on women's sports participation in Ilam province. Journal of Applied Sociology, 2018; 29(4): 99-122. https://doi.org/10.22108/jas.2018.104379.1117
27. Pasyar S, Bagooli H, Barzegar M, Sohrabi N. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction program on psychological well-being, health anxiety, and body image in women with breast cancer. 3 JNE, 2023; 12(2): 101-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22034/JNE.12.2.101
28. Mojerbi S. and Rasouli Saravi S. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction on reducing students' social anxiety. The second national conference of research and innovation in psychology, with a special look at cognitive behavioral therapy, 2022.
29. MP, ZM. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on the severity of symptoms and worry in patients with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal title 2022; 10 (1): 75-85. http://jms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-1078-fa.html
30. Mahjuob N., Teymouri S. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy on Reducing Anxiety Sensitivity and Meta-worry in Students with Social Anxiety. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2015; 7(2): 39-48. https://doi.org/10.22075/jcp.2017.2198
31. Bahreini Z, Sanagouye-Moharer G. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Emotion Regulation and Executive Functions of Pregnant Women with Social Anxiety Disorder.[Internet]. 2019 Oct. 26 [cited 2024 Apr. 16]; 7(1): 9-18. Available from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/view/23427
32. Iqbali A, Vahidi H, Rezaei R, Fathi A. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on depression, anxiety and stress of people at risk of contracting covid-19. Health and Care[Internet]. 2019; 22(4): 306-317.
33. Feizi zadeh M, Nazari Z, Naseri M, Frouzandeh Z, Amani O. The Efficacy of Mindfulness Based on Cognitive Therapy on Body Image and Fear of Negative Evaluation in Women Breast Cancer with Mastectomy. IJNR 2020; 15(4): 58-68. http://ijnr.ir/article-1-2312-fa.html
34. Aydin Ş., & Budak F.K. Effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Training on Anxiety, Depression, and Hopelessness in Menopausal Women: An Experimental Study. Psychiatric Annals, 2023; 53(2): 83-94. https://doi.org/10.3928/00485713-20230207-06
35. Goldin PR, Ziv M, Jazaieri H, et al. Cognitive reappraisal self-efficacy mediates the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2012; 80(6): 1034-1040. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028555
36. He L, Han W, Shi Z. The Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Negative Self-Representations in Social Anxiety Disorder-A Randomized Wait-List Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry. 2021 May 12;12:582333. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.582333
37. Horton-Deutsch SL, Horton JM. Mindfulness: overcoming intractable conflict. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2003;17(4): 186-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0883-9417(03)00089-x
38. Shapiro S.L., Jazaieri H., Goldin P.R. Mindfulness-based stress reduction effects on moral reasoning and decision making. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 2022; 7(6): 504-515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2012.723732
39. Song Y, Lindquist R. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction on depression, anxiety, stress and mindfulness in Korean nursing students. Nurse Educ Today, 2015; 35(1): 86-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.06.010