Faculty Extensionists: Key Driver for Implementing Extension Services of State Universities in the Philippines

محورهای موضوعی : Extension of Sustainability

Junil A. Constantino ¹ , Angelo R. Santos ²

1 - Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Philippines
2 - Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Philippines

تاریخ دریافت : 1403/10/02 تاریخ پذیرش : 1404/01/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1404/01/11

کلید واژه: Academic Engagement, Community Development, Extension Services, Faculty Extensionists, State Universities and Colleges, SDG 4, Quality Education.,

چکیده مقاله :

This study explores the pivotal role of faculty extensionists in driving the success of extension services in State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines. With the backdrop of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order No. 52 Series of 2016, this research emphasizes the necessity of integrating extension activities with academic programs to create a dynamic and socially responsive educational environment. Through a mixed-method research design involving 219 faculty members across various campuses of NEUST, the study identifies the roles, motivations, support mechanisms, and challenges faced by faculty extensionists. Findings reveal diverse roles undertaken by faculty members, ranging from project leaders to consultants, driven by a blend of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Support received includes honorariums, academic credits, and logistical assistance, while challenges encompass cooperation with partner communities, time management, and funding constraints. The study underscores the importance of institutional support, interdisciplinary collaboration, and robust community engagement strategies in enhancing the effectiveness of extension services. Recommendations for optimizing faculty engagement in extension activities are discussed, highlighting the need for comprehensive training, streamlined support mechanisms, and fostering partnerships with community stakeholders.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study explores the pivotal role of faculty extensionists in driving the success of extension services in State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) in the Philippines. With the backdrop of the Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order No. 52 Series of 2016, this research emphasizes the necessity of integrating extension activities with academic programs to create a dynamic and socially responsive educational environment. Through a mixed-method research design involving 219 faculty members across various campuses of NEUST, the study identifies the roles, motivations, support mechanisms, and challenges faced by faculty extensionists. Findings reveal diverse roles undertaken by faculty members, ranging from project leaders to consultants, driven by a blend of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Support received includes honorariums, academic credits, and logistical assistance, while challenges encompass cooperation with partner communities, time management, and funding constraints. The study underscores the importance of institutional support, interdisciplinary collaboration, and robust community engagement strategies in enhancing the effectiveness of extension services. Recommendations for optimizing faculty engagement in extension activities are discussed, highlighting the need for comprehensive training, streamlined support mechanisms, and fostering partnerships with community stakeholders.

منابع و مأخذ:

Adedoyin, O. and Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(2), 863-875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
Ahmad, M., Abdulhamid, A., Wahab, S., & Nazir, M. (2022). Impact of the project manager's transformational leadership, influenced by mediation of self-leadership and moderation of empowerment, on project success. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 15(5), 842-864. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-03-2021-0066
Ahmed, K., Hashim, S., Khankhara, M., Said, I., Shandakumar, A., Zaman, S., … & Veiga, A. (2021). What drives general practitioners in the uk to improve the quality of care? a systematic literature review. BMJ Open Quality, 10(1), e001127. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2020-001127
Ahmed, R., Philbin, S., & Cheema, F. (2020). Systematic literature review of project manager's leadership competencies. Engineering Construction & Architectural Management, 28(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-05-2019-0276
Alam, M. and Shaba, S. (2022). Ict-enabled agricultural extension: how to promote and sustain?. Information Development, 39(3), 600-610. https://doi.org/10.1177/02666669221112367
Andrasik, M., Broder, G., Wallace, S., Chaturvedi, R., Michael, N., Bock, S., … & Mensah, G. (2021). Increasing black, indigenous and people of color participation in clinical trials through community engagement and recruitment goal establishment. Plos One, 16(10), e0258858. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258858
Asio, J., Sardina, D., & Olaguir, J. (2023). Student’s community service involvement: implications for a sustainable community extension service. Asian Journal of Community Services, 2(1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajcs.v2i1.2523
Asio, J., Sardina, D., Olaguir, J., Obispo, K., & Macaraeg, E. (2022). Community extension programs in a small suburban community: its impact and basis for institutional sustainability and support. International Journal of Humanities Management and Social Science, 5(2), 50-58. https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0502.365
Atwa, H., Shehata, M., Al-Ansari, A., Kumar, A., Jaradat, A., Ahmed, J., … & Salem, A. (2022). Online, face-to-face, or blended learning? faculty and medical students' perceptions during the covid-19 pandemic: a mixed-method study. Frontiers in Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.791352
Balaji, R., Saravanan, R., & Govindarasu, R. (2022). Study on the impact of human factors on health and safety performance. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.10597
Bowling, L., Mazer, K., Bocardo-Delgado, E., Frankenberger, J., Pinto, J., Popovici, R., … & Prokopy, L. (2021). Addressing water resources and environmental quality programming needs in arequipa, peru. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education, 173(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-704x.2021.3354.x
Charness, G. and Grieco, D. (2018). Creativity and incentives. Journal of the European Economic Association, 17(2), 454-496. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvx055
Charoenmuang, M., Knobloch, N., & Tormoehlen, R. (2020). Defining interdisciplinary collaboration based on high school teachers’ beliefs and practices of stem integration using a complex designed system. International Journal of Stem Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-019-0201-4
Clark, S., Cohen, A., & Heard-Garris, N. (2022). Moving beyond words: leveraging financial resources to improve diversity, equity, and inclusion in academic medical centers. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 30(2), 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-022-09914-4
Cristobal, E. B. (2023). The community extension of university as a driving factor to societal reform. JETT, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.47750/jett.2023.14.02.035
Devine, P., Forscher, P., Cox, W., Kaatz, A., Sheridan, J., & Carnes, M. (2017). A gender bias habit-breaking intervention led to increased hiring of female faculty in stemm departments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 73, 211-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.07.002
De Lara, M. G. O., & Santos, A. R. (2024). Service delivery and quality assurance in administrative units of higher education institutions during the pandemic [Special issue]. Corporate & Business Strategy Review, 5(1), 494–504. https://doi.org/10.22495/cbsrv5i1siart22
Dietrich, J., Munoz, J., Tshabalala, G., Makhale, L., Hornschuh, S., Rentas, F., … & Andrasik, M. (2022). A qualitative study of stakeholder and researcher perspectives of community engagement practices for hiv vaccine clinical trials in south africa. Journal of Community Psychology, 51(3), 998-1015. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22951
Dobbins, C., Faulk, K., Roberts, A., & Lamm, A. (2021). Evaluating extension in times of crisis: assessing program impact during covid-19. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education, 28(2), 6-13. https://doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2021.28201
Dunn, D., Troisi, J., & Baker, S. (2020). Faculty receptivity to assessment: changing the climate for evaluating teaching and learning in psychology.. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 6(3), 244-253. https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000247
Eschbach, C., Contreras, D., & Kennedy, L. (2022). Three cooperative extension initiatives funded to address michigan's opioid crisis. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.921919
Ezeh, A., Eze, A., & Eze, E. (2021). Extension agents’ use of mobile phone applications for agricultural extension service delivery in ebonyi state agricultural development programme, nigeria. Journal of Agricultural Extension, 25(1), 48-58. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i1.6
Fareed, M. (2023). Transformational leadership and project success: the moderating effect of top management support. Sage Open, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231195685
Finkelstein, E., Haaland, B., Bilger, M., Sahasranaman, A., Sloan, R., Nang, E., … & Evenson, K. (2016). Effectiveness of activity trackers with and without incentives to increase physical activity (trippa): a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 4(12), 983-995. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30284-4
Frueh, T., Hiesinger, H., Bogert, C., Clark, J., Watters, T., & Schmedemann, N. (2023). Timing and origin of compressional tectonism in mare tranquillitatis. Journal of Geophysical Research Planets, 128(2). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022je007533
Graetz, D., Chen, Y., Devidas, M., Antillon-Klussmann, F., Fu, L., Quintero, K., … & Mack, J. (2023). Interdisciplinary care of pediatric oncology patients: a survey of clinicians in central america and the caribbean. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, 70(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.30244
Han, H., Xu, A., Mendez, K., Okoye, S., Cudjoe, J., Bahouth, M., … & Himmelfarb, C. (2021). Exploring community engaged research experiences and preferences: a multi-level qualitative investigation. Research Involvement and Engagement, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-021-00261-6
Hanson, E., Gantwerker, E., Chang, D., & Nagpal, A. (2022). To teach or not to teach? assessing medical school faculty motivation to teach in the era of curriculum reform. BMC Medical Education, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03416-5
Harrison, T., Weigel, D., & Smith, M. (2020). Application of faith and learning. Metropolitan Universities, 31(3), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.18060/23986
Henkel, T., Marion, J., & Bourdeau, D. (2019). Project manager leadership behavior: task-oriented versus relationship-oriented. Journal of Leadership Education, 18(2). https://doi.org/10.12806/v18/i2/r8
Hmelo-Silver, C. and Jeong, H. (2021). Benefits and challenges of interdisciplinarity in cscl research: a view from the literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579986
Holston, D., Stroope, J., Cater, M., Kendall, M., & Broyles, S. (2020). Implementing policy, systems, and environmental change through community coalitions and extension partnerships to address obesity in rural louisiana. Preventing Chronic Disease, 17. https://doi.org/10.5888/pcd17.190284
Huang, Y., Cox, A., & Sbaffi, L. (2020). Research data management policy and practice in chinese university libraries. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 72(4), 493-506. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24413
Increasing Collaboration Between Extension and University Faculty: The .... (n.d). https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1381&context=jhse
Jacoba, F. P., Santos, A. R., Armas, K. L., & Gamit, A. M. (2024). A comprehensive analysis of a science and technology university’s alignment with the performance excellence framework: A governance outlook study. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 13(3), 213–223. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv13i3art18
Jaishi, M. (2020). Strengthening research-education-extension (r-e-e) linkage in new context of federal structured nepal. Responsible Education Learning and Teaching in Emerging Economies, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.26710/relate.v2i1.1309
Johnston, A., Malhi, R., Cofie, N., Jokic, R., Goertzen, J., Smith-Windsor, T., … & Bell, A. (2022). Currencies of recognition: what rewards and recognition do canadian distributed medical education preceptors value?. Mededpublish, 12, 12. https://doi.org/10.12688/mep.17540.1
Johnston, J. (2023). Henry s. pennypacker, 1937–2023. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 57(1), 25-26. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.1041
Katuwal, B. (2023). Incentives as a driving force for scholarly activity in general surgery training: survey of program directors and our institution’s experience. The American Surgeon, 89(12), 6114-6120. https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348231191209
Kinder, C., Richards, K., Trad, A., Woods, A., & Graber, K. (2023). Perceived organizational support, marginalization, isolation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction of pete faculty members. European Physical Education Review, 29(4), 475-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x231159636
Kjellstadli, C., Allore, H., Husebø, B., Flo, E., Sandvik, H., & Hunskaar, S. (2020). General practitioners' provision of end-of-life care and associations with dying at home: a registry-based longitudinal study. Family Practice, 37(3), 340-347. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmz059
Klusaritz, H., Maki, J., Levin, E., Ayala, A., Nodora, J., Coyne‐Beasley, T., … & Cunningham, S. (2022). A community‐engaged approach to the design of a population‐based prospective cohort study to promote bladder health. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 42(5), 1068-1078. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.25098
Li, B. and Tu, Y. (2015). Motivations of faculty engagement in internationalization: a survey in china. Higher Education, 71(1), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-015-9890-x
Lukes, L. (2023). Designing a collaborative faculty‐student mentoring model in a large, complex science curriculum development team project. New Directions for Teaching and Learning, 2023(175), 61-70. https://doi.org/10.1002/tl.20559
Lyhne, C., Bjerrum, M., & Jørgensen, M. (2022). Person-centred care to prevent hospitalisations – a focus group study addressing the views of healthcare providers. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08198-6
Malisch, J., Harris, B., Sherrer, S., Lewis, K., Shepherd, S., McCarthy, P., … & Deitloff, J. (2020). In the wake of covid-19, academia needs new solutions to ensure gender equity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(27), 15378-15381. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2010636117
Manik, T., Timotiwu, P., & Pramono, E. (2021). The role of university community programs in disseminating agriculture innovation: a case study in sekincau region, west lampung, indonesia. E3s Web of Conferences, 306, 03022. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130603022
Menezes, S. and Premnath, D. (2016). Near-peer education: a novel teaching program. International Journal of Medical Education, 7, 160-167. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5738.3c28
Mesfin, H., Tirivayi, N., Nillesen, E., & Tessema, Y. (2023). The impact of agricultural extension service on the uptake of various agricultural technologies in ethiopia. Africa Development, 47(4), 77-105. https://doi.org/10.57054/ad.v47i4.2978
Mike, M., Rampold, S., Telg, R., & Lindsey, A. (2020). Utilizing extension as a resource in disaster response: florida extension’s communication efforts during the 2017 hurricane season. Journal of Applied Communications, 104(1). https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2308
Misra, J., Kuvaeva, A., O’Meara, K., Culpepper, D., & Jaeger, A. (2021). Gendered and racialized perceptions of faculty workloads. Gender & Society, 35(3), 358-394. https://doi.org/10.1177/08912432211001387
Mitchell, D. and Buckingham, G. (2020). Transforming plans into community impact: strategic planning as service-learning in public and nonprofit administration graduate programs. Teaching Public Administration, 39(1), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0144739420929380
Montebon, R., Bachanicha, R., Monton, M., Engkong, J., & Labana, A. (2022). Community extension profiling of the teaching and non-teaching personnel of the university. Jpair Multidisciplinary Research, 50(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v50i1.442
Napoé, G. (2023). A framework for diversifying obstetrics and gynecology training programs. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 143(2), 204-209. https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005467
Neupane, A. and Jaishi, M. (2020). Agricultural extension service delivery in provincial and local government of nepal: an integrative literature review. Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, 269-277. https://doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v36i1.48429
O'Donnell, C., O'Brien, B., Markey, K., McCarthy, J., Flaten, C., Mueller, C., … & Graham, M. (2022). Transatlantic collaborations: baccalaureate nursing students’ experiences of participating in a semester-long study abroad program. Nursing Education Perspectives, 43(6), 357-362. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nep.0000000000001000
Olson, L. (2023). Well-being grants in an academic medical center: a case example. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2023.615
Ormel, H., Kok, M., Kane, S., Ahmed, R., Chikaphupha, K., Rashid, S., … & Koning, K. (2019). Salaried and voluntary community health workers: exploring how incentives and expectation gaps influence motivation. Human Resources for Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0387-z
Owusu-Manu, D., Debrah, C., Amissah, L., Edwards, D., & Chileshe, N. (2020). Exploring the linkages between project managers' mindset behaviour and project leadership style in the ghanaian construction industry. Engineering Construction & Architectural Management, 28(9), 2690-2711. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2020-0149
Patel, M., Asch, D., Rosin, R., Small, D., Bellamy, S., Heuer, J., … & Volpp, K. (2016). Framing financial incentives to increase physical activity among overweight and obese adults. Annals of Internal Medicine, 164(6), 385. https://doi.org/10.7326/m15-1635
Paulican, J. and Intong, J. (2020). Determinants of extension productivity of the faculty in state universities and colleges in mindanao, philippines. International Journal of Advanced Research, 8(7), 1542-1552. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11423
Podgórska, M. and Pichlak, M. (2019). Analysis of project managers’ leadership competencies. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 12(4), 869-887. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-08-2018-0149
Purcell, J., Pearl, A., & Schyndel, T. (2021). Boundary spanning leadership among community-engaged faculty: an exploratory study of faculty participating in higher education community engagement. Engaged Scholar Journal Community-Engaged Research Teaching and Learning, 6(2), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.15402/esj.v6i2.69398
Raina, K. and Khatri, P. (2015). Faculty engagement in higher education: prospects and areas of research. On the Horizon the International Journal of Learning Futures, 23(4), 285-308. https://doi.org/10.1108/oth-03-2015-0011
Ruth, T. (2020). Motivational influences on land-grant faculty engagement in science communication. Journal of Agricultural Education, 61(2), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2020.02077
Santiago, J. M., Santos, A. R., & Gamit, A. M. (2022). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among the university students and personnel. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 12(1), 268. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i1.22111
Scott, K., Beckham, S., Gross, M., Pariyo, G., Rao, K., Cometto, G., … & Perry, H. (2018). What do we know about community-based health worker programs? a systematic review of existing reviews on community health workers. Human Resources for Health, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0304-x
Shadiev, R. (2023). Intercultural competence development through a tele‐collaborative project supported by speech‐enabled corrective feedback technology. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 40(2), 697-714. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12906
Shorten, A., & Smith, J. (2017). Mixed methods research: expanding the evidence base. Evidence-Based Nursing, 20(3), 74–75. https://doi.org/10.1136/EB-2017-102699
Spencer, S., Burrows, C., Lacher, S., Macheledt, K., Berge, J., & Ghebre, R. (2021). Framework for advancing equity in academic medicine and science: perspectives from early career female faculty during the covid-19 pandemic. Preventive Medicine Reports, 24, 101576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101576
Stergiopoulou, K., Andrews, D., Edberg, N., Halekas, J., Lester, M., Sánchez–Cano, B., … & Gruesbeck, J. (2022). A two‐spacecraft study of mars' induced magnetosphere's response to upstream conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics, 127(4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja030227
Stluka, S. (2023). Facilitating nutrition and physical activity-focused policy, systems, and environmental change in rural areas: a methodological approach using community wellness coalitions and cooperative extension. Health Promotion Practice, 24(1_suppl), 68S-79S. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248399221144976
Suraya, F., Rahayu, T., & Alcuizar, R. (2021). Models of sports student exchange and the role of their support systems. Journal Sport Area, 6(2), 162-174. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2021.vol6(2).6500
Taris, T., Beek, I., & Schaufeli, W. (2020). The motivational make-up of workaholism and work engagement: a longitudinal study on need satisfaction, motivation, and heavy work investment. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01419
Tassabehji, N. (2023). Exploring dental faculty perceptions of current strategies and barriers to retention. Journal of Dental Education, 87(12), 1654-1660. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.13384
Tram, J., Nwankwo, N., Khan, A., & Sabado, J. (2023). Impact of faculty mentoring on ethnic and racial minority student program satisfaction.. Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Psychology, 9(1), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.1037/stl0000231
Turin, T. (2023). Community ecosystem mapping: a foundational step for effective community engagement in research and knowledge mobilization. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 14. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319231205170
Turin, T., Chowdhury, N., Rumana, N., Lasker, M., & Qasqas, M. (2022). Partnering with organisations beyond academia through strategic collaboration for research and mobilisation in immigrant/ethnic-minority communities. BMJ Global Health, 7(3), e008201. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008201
Turin, T., Kazi, M., Rumana, N., Lasker, M., & Chowdhury, N. (2023). Conceptualising community engagement as an infinite game implemented through finite games of ‘research’, ‘community organising’ and ‘knowledge mobilisation’. Health Expectations, 26(5), 1799-1805. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13801
Watts, T. and Green, J. (2023). Collaborating with community partners to address population health in an online advanced nursing practice course. Nurse Educator, 48(6), 310-315. https://doi.org/10.1097/nne.0000000000001414
Wilson, D., Summers, L., & Wright, J. (2020). Faculty support and student engagement in undergraduate engineering. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 13(1), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/jrit-02-2020-0011
Wu, H., Li, S., Zheng, J., & Guo, J. (2020). Medical students’ motivation and academic performance: the mediating roles of self-efficacy and learning engagement. Medical Education Online, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2020.1742964
Wu, W. and Lee, Y. (2020). Do work engagement and transformational leadership facilitate knowledge sharing? a perspective of conservation of resources theory. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2615. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072615