Intergenerational Patterns and Prestige Drift: A Diachronic Exploration of Iraqi Arabic in Karbala and Baghdad’
Mustafa Talib Mutashar Jabri
1
(
Department of English Language, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
)
Bahram Hadian
2
(
Department of English Language, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
)
Raad Shakir AbdulHasan AlNawas
3
(
Department of English, College of Education for Humanities, University of Thi Qar, Iraq
)
Atefeh Sadat Mirsaeedi
4
(
Department of English Language, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
)
کلید واژه: Iraqi Arabic, Sociolinguistics, Apparent-Time Change, Intersectionality, Linguistic Insecurity, Hypercorrection, Dialectology,
چکیده مقاله :
This inquiry scrutinized temporal linguistic shifts and psycholinguistic dynamics within the Arabic vernaculars of Baghdad and Karbala. Leveraging an apparent-time construct and an intersectional lens, the research parses phonological and morphosyntactic variability among 192 native adult interlocutors, who were demarcated by age, gender, educational attainment, and urbanicity. The findings evince a fluid dialectal topography in which younger, urbanized, and educated cohorts, preeminently women, are spearheading the assimilation of socially valorized variants (such as particular consonantal articulations and urban progressive markers). This corroborates the perpetual transmutation of these vernaculars under the impetus of metropolitan norms and pedagogy. Moreover, the research probes affective phenomena like perceived linguistic deficiency and hyper-standardization. Intersecting demographics—such as young, educated urban women in Karbala gravitating toward Baghdadi prestige forms, and middle-aged, educated men in Karbala exhibiting over-adherence to quasi-Modern Standard Arabic norms—instantiate paradigms of excessive prestige form appropriation. These paradigms manifest differently across the two cities, betraying disparate local hierarchies and aspirational linguistic targets. By foregrounding these evolutionary developments rather than offering a purely synchronic snapshot, this work delineates the trajectories of linguistic change as they are molded by imbricated social identities and psychosocial exigencies.
چکیده انگلیسی :
This inquiry scrutinized temporal linguistic shifts and psycholinguistic dynamics within the Arabic vernaculars of Baghdad and Karbala. Leveraging an apparent-time construct and an intersectional lens, the research parses phonological and morphosyntactic variability among 192 native adult interlocutors, who were demarcated by age, gender, educational attainment, and urbanicity. The findings evince a fluid dialectal topography in which younger, urbanized, and educated cohorts, preeminently women, are spearheading the assimilation of socially valorized variants (such as particular consonantal articulations and urban progressive markers). This corroborates the perpetual transmutation of these vernaculars under the impetus of metropolitan norms and pedagogy. Moreover, the research probes affective phenomena like perceived linguistic deficiency and hyper-standardization. Intersecting demographics—such as young, educated urban women in Karbala gravitating toward Baghdadi prestige forms, and middle-aged, educated men in Karbala exhibiting over-adherence to quasi-Modern Standard Arabic norms—instantiate paradigms of excessive prestige form appropriation. These paradigms manifest differently across the two cities, betraying disparate local hierarchies and aspirational linguistic targets. By foregrounding these evolutionary developments rather than offering a purely synchronic snapshot, this work delineates the trajectories of linguistic change as they are molded by imbricated social identities and psychosocial exigencies.
Abu-Haidar, F. (1991). Christian Arabic of Baghdad: A sociolinguistic study. In Language and Society in the Middle East (pp. 123-145).
Albirini, A. (2016). Language and digital communication in the Arab world: The impact of social media on language use. Journal of Arabic Linguistics, 8(2), 45-67.
Al-Rojaie, A. (2013). Social stratification and language variation in Saudi Arabia. Arab World English Journal, 4(3), 34-56.
Ferguson, C. A. (1959). Diglossia. Word, 15(2), 325-340.
Ingham, B. (1997). Dialectal change in the Gulf region: A sociolinguistic perspective. Gulf Arabic Studies, 12(1), 78-92.
Labov, W. (1966). The social stratification of English in New York City. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Labov, W. (1990). The intersection of social and linguistic factors in language change. In Language Variation and Change (pp. 1-20).
Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2021). Variationist sociolinguistics: Change, observation, interpretation. Cambridge University Press.
Trudgill, P. (1974). Linguistic change and social networks in Norwich. In Sociolinguistics: A reader (pp. 23-38).
