مدیریت پایدار آب در بخش باغبانی
محورهای موضوعی : آبیاری
مانی جباری
1
,
میترا جباری
2
,
مینا جباری
3
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند
2 - کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم و مهندسی باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3 - کارشناس ارشد، گروه شیلات، دانشکده علوم دامی شیلات، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران
کلید واژه: آبزی‌پروری, تنش خشکی, کشاورزی دقیق, گیاهان دارویی,
چکیده مقاله :
آب برای پایداری و بهره‌وری بخش باغبانی حیاتی است، اما نیازهای بالای مصرف آب و کاهش منابع آب و تغییرات اقلیمی، پایداری اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی را به چالش می‌کشد. نیاز آبی محصولات باغی بسته به نوع محصول، مرحله و منطقه، بسیار متفاوت است، گسترش بخش باغبانی، منابع آب را از طریق استخراج بیش از حد و آلودگی‌های شیمیایی نامساعد کرده است. شیوه‌های مدیریت نوآورانه و فناوری‌های آبیاری می‌توانند مدیریت پایدار آب را بهبود و اثرات زیست محیطی را کاهش دهند. راه حل‌های مبتنی بر طبیعت مانند مالچ پاشی، مواد ارگانیک، هیدروژل‌ها و سایر، نیازهای آبیاری را کاهش میدهند، منابع آب جدید و بازیافتی (فاضلاب تصفیه شده، نمک‌زدایی) راه‌های امیدوارکننده‌ای برای کاهش وابستگی به منابع آب طبیعی به نظر می‌رسند، اما چنین منابعی اگر به خوبی مدیریت نشوند، اثرات مخربی برای محیط زیست و سلامت انسان دارند. شیوه‌های آبیاری از جمله خشک کردن جزئی در ناحیه ریشه و کم آبیاری تنظیم شده، بهبودهای قابل توجهی را در بهره‌وری مصرف آب ایجاد می‌کند، برنامه‌های پیشرفته‌تر، از جمله اینترنت اشیا و هوش مصنوعی پتانسیل قابل اثباتی در پشتیبانی از آبیاری هوشمند و دقیق دارند.
کلمات کلیدی: آبزی‌پروری، تنش خشکی، کشاورزی دقیق، گیاهان دارویی
چکیده انگلیسی:
Water is vital for the sustainability and productivity of the horticulture sector, but high water consumption needs and the reduction of water resources and climate change challenge economic and environmental sustainability. The water requirement of horticultural crops varies greatly depending on the type of crop, stage and region, the expansion of the horticultural sector has made water resources unfavorable through over-extraction and chemical pollution. Innovative management practices and irrigation technologies can improve sustainable water management and reduce environmental impacts. Nature-based solutions such as mulching, organic materials, hydrogels and others reduce irrigation needs, new and recycled water sources (treated sewage, desalination) seem promising ways to reduce dependence on natural water sources, but If such resources are not managed well, they have destructive effects on the environment and human health. Irrigation practices including partial drying in the root zone and regulated irrigation provide significant improvements in water use efficiency, and more advanced applications, including the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, have demonstrable potential to support intelligent and precise irrigation.
Keywords: Aquaculture, Drought Stress, Precision Agriculture, Medicinal Plants.
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