تأثیر تمرینات ریتمیک روی ترامپولین بر آمادگی جسمانی، حرکتی و لذت فعالیت بدنی کودکان پایه سوم ابتدایی: دوره یادداری شش ماهه
محورهای موضوعی : علوم ورزشی و سلامتالهه یوسفی 1 , مینا کشاورز 2 , حسن محمدزاده 3
1 - دکتری، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
2 - دکتری، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران
3 - استاد، گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.
کلید واژه: ترامپولین, آمادگی جسمانی, چابکی, لذت فعالیت بدنی, کودکان.,
چکیده مقاله :
کودکی فعال، انتخاب سبک زندگی فعال بدنی را در طول عمر افزایش می‌دهد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر تمرینات ریتمیک با ترامپولین بر آمادگی جسمانی، حرکتی و لذت فعالیت بدنی پسران سوم ابتدایی با دوره یادداری شش ماهه بود. پژوهش حاضر نیمه‌تجربی با طرح پیش و پس‌آزمون بود. نمونه آماری شامل 30 نفر از کودکان سوم ابتدایی بودند که به‌صورت در دسترس انتخاب و در دو گروه کنترل و تجربی (هر گروه 15 نفر) قرار گرفتند. برای سنجش آمادگی جسمانی، حرکتی و لذت فعالیت بدنی، به ترتیب از آزمون شش دقیقه دویدن، آزمون چابکی برونینکس اوزورتسکی و پرسشنامه لذت فعالیت بدنی استفاده شد. گروه تجربی تمرینات با ترامپولین را به مدت هشت هفته انجام دادند و گروه کنترل مداخله‌ای دریافت نکردند. پس‌آزمون مشابه با پیش‌آزمون انجام شد. شش ماه بعد نیز آزمون یادداری انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس مرکب نشان داد تمرینات ریتمیک با ترامپولین بر آمادگی جسمانی، چابکی و لذت فعالیت بدنی کودکان تأثیر معناداری داشته، بهطوریکه احتمالاً 98% تغییرات آمادگی جسمانی، 85% چابکی و 97% لذت فعالیت بدنی اثر تمرینات با ترامپولین بوده است. در آزمون یادداری شش ماهه، فقط در فاکتور آمادگی جسمانی تفاوت معنادار بین دو گروه مشاهده شد. فعالیت‌های ریتمیک با ترامپولین بستری مناسب برای تمرین مهارت‌های حرکتی، شناختی و جسمانی است و موجب بهره‌گیری از آمادگی جسمانی و انطباق حرکات برای اجرای هدفمند می‌شود. با توجه به یافته‌های پژوهش می‌توان از ترامپولین برای افزایش آمادگی جسمانی و حرکتی، همچنین لذت بیشتر کودکان از فعالیت بدنی بهره برد. از محدودیت‌های تحقیق حاضر می‌توان به عدم کنترل شرایط روحی و روانی آزمودنی‌ها، عدم کنترل فعالیت‌های خارج از برنامه آنها و عدم کنترل رژیم غذایی و مصرف دارو و تأثیرات احتمالی آن بر نتایج تحقیق اشاره کرد. همچنین، ممکن است، شدت برنامه تمرینی به‌صورت دقیق کنترل نشده باشد و این موارد بر نتایج تأثیر گذاشته باشد. بنابر نتایج به‌دست‌آمده و در دسترس بودن ترامپولین، پیشنهاد می‌شود از این وسیله و ورزش روی ترامپولین در مدارس، پارک‌ها و فضاهای بازی کودکان استفاده گردد. همچنین پیشنهاد می‌شود جنسیت و رده‌های سنی مختلف به‌عنوان متغیرهای تأثیرگذار در تحقیقات آتی بررسی شود و تحقیقات با حجم نمونه بزرگتر و جلسات تمرینی بیشتر برای بررسی اثرات دراز مدت تمرینات اجرا گردد. پیشنهاد می‌شود در رده‌های سنی مختلف از این تمرینات بهره برده، جنسیت و تفاوت‌های موجود بررسی شود. روی کودکان با شرایط خاص مثل کودکان دارای اختلالات رشدی بررسی انجام گیرد. همچنین از تمرینات ورزشی روی ترامپولین در رشته‌های ورزشی مختلف بهره گرفته شود.
An active childhood increases the choice of physically active lifestyle throughout life. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of rhythmic exercises with trampoline on physical fitness, motor and enjoyment of physical activity of third grade boys with a six-month recall period. The current research was semi-experimental, with pre-post-test design. The statistical sample consisted of 30 of third grade children who were randomly selected and placed in two control and experimental groups. To measure physical fitness, agility, and enjoyment of physical activity, six-minute running, Bruininks-oseretsky agility, and physical activity enjoyment questionnaire used, respectively. The experimental group performed trampoline exercises for eight weeks, and the control group didn't receive any intervention. The post-test was similar the pre-test. Six months later, a recall test was performed. The results of Mixed ANOVA showed that rhythmic exercises with trampoline had a significant effect on the physical fitness, agility and enjoyment of physical activity of children, so probably 98% of the changes in physical fitness, 85% of agility and 97% of physical activity enjoyment were due to trampoline exercises. In the six-month recall test, a significant difference between the two groups was observed only in the physical fitness factor. Rhythmic activities with a trampoline are suitable platform for practicing motor, cognitive and physical skills and make use of physical fitness and adaptation of movements for purposeful execution. According to the findings of the research, trampolines can be used to increase physical and motor fitness, as well as children's enjoyment of physical activity. The limitations of the present study include the lack of control over the subjects' mental and emotional conditions, lack of control over their extracurricular activities, lack of control over their diet and medication use, and its possible effects on the results of the study. Also, the intensity of the exercise program may not have been accurately controlled, which may have affected the results. Based on the results obtained and the availability of trampolines, it is suggested that this device and trampoline exercise be used in schools, parks, and children's play areas. It is also suggested that gender and different age groups be examined as influential variables in future research, and that research with a larger sample size and more training sessions be conducted to examine the long-term effects of the exercises. It is suggested that these exercises be used in different age groups, and that gender and existing differences be examined. A study should be conducted on children with special conditions, such as children with developmental disorders. Trampoline exercise should also be used in different sports disciplines.
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