شناسایی مؤلفه‌های آموزش کارآفرینی زنان بر اساس استانداردهای سازمان بین‌المللی کار در ایران

محورهای موضوعی : آموزش و پرورش

فاطمه آبدری ¹ , فریدون آزما ² , محمود رضا چراغعلی ³ , محمد باقر گرجی ⁴

1 - دانشجوی دکتری کارآفرینی، واحد علی‌آباد‌کتول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، علی‌آباد‌کتول، ایران
2 - گروه روانشناسی و مدیریت آموزشی، واحد علی‌آباد‌کتول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، علی‌آباد‌کتول، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت، واحد علی‌آباد‌کتول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، علی‌آباد‌کتول، ایران
4 - استادیار،‌ گروه مدیریت، واحد علی‌آباد‌کتول، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، علی‌آباد‌کتول، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/03/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01

کلید واژه: آموزش کارآفرینی, ویژگی‌های فردی, فرهنگی و قانونی, سازمان بین‌المللی کار,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف از اجرای این پژوهش شناسایی مؤلفه‌ها و ویژگی‌های خاص آموزش کارآفرینی زنان بر اساس استانداردهای سازمان بین‌المللی کار در ایران بود. روش پژوهش از لحاظ هدف، کاربردی و به لحاظ روش کیفی- تحلیل محتوا بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش، اساتید دانشگاهی، مدیران و کارشناسان خبره آموزشی با تجربیات کافی و موفق وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی بودند که تعداد 20 نفر از این جامعه آماری برای نمونه تحقیق انتخاب شدند. نمونه‌گیری در این پژوهش با روش گلوله برفی انجام شد و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. از این‌رو، انجام مصاحبه با خبرگان پس از انجام 20 مصاحبه متوقف گردید. گردآوری داده‌های کیفی از طریق مصاحبه‌های عمیق با سوالات باز انجام گرفت. در بخش کیفی برای تعیین روایی، براساس هشت راهبرد کرسول  (2007) و برای بررسی پایایی، از روش توافق درون موضوعی دو کدگذار ( وال، 2007) استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌های حاصل از مصاحبه‌ها با استفاده از کدگذاری با رویکرد باز و محوری صورت گرفت و به این منظور از نرم افزار MAXQDA 2018 استفاده شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد: آموزش کارآفرینی زنان بر اساس استانداردهای سازمان بین‌المللی کار شامل مؤلفه‌های "پیش نیازهای آموزش کارآفرینی زنان"، "الگوهای آموزش کارآفرینی زنان"، "ویژگی‌های آموزش کارآفرینی زنان"، "ویژگی‌های فردی زنان برای آموزش کارآفرینی"، "مولفه‌های فرهنگی" و "مولفه‌های قانونی" است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The purpose of this study was to identify the specific components and characteristics of women entrepreneurship education based on the ILO standards in Iran. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative-content analysis in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of University professors, administrators and educational experts with sufficient and successful experience of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare, 20 people from this statistical community were selected for the research sample. Sampling in this study was done by snowball method and continued until theoretical saturation. Therefore, interviews with experts ceased after 20 interviews. In the qualitative part, to determine validity, based on eight strategies of Creswell (2007) and to examine the reliability, the method of intra-subject agreement of two coders (Wall, 2007) was used. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using open and axial approach coding and for this purpose MAXQDA 2018 software was used. The results showed that women entrepreneurship education according to the standards of the International Labor Organization including the components of "Prerequisites for Women Entrepreneurship Education", "Patterns of Women Entrepreneurship Education", "Characteristics of Women Entrepreneurship Education", "Individual Characteristics of Women for Entrepreneurship Education", "Cultural Components" And "legal components".

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Alaei, A. (2014). Investigating the components affecting entrepreneurship and its cultivation methods in the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. Social, Economic, Scientific and Cultural Monthly of Labor and Society, No. 167, pp. 47-59.


2. Bhardwaj, B. (2014). Impact of education and training on performance of women entrepreneurs: A study in emerging market context. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 6(1); DOI: 10.1108/JEEE-05-2013-0014.


3. Cho, Y. & Lee, J. H. (2018). Entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial education and performance. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 12. 10.1108/APJIE-05-2018-0028.


4. Fadaei, S., Niaz Azari, K., Taqvaei Yazdi, M. (2017). Provide a model for creating an entrepreneurial university based on foresight and science production techniques in the education system. Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 8 (32), 1-18. [in Persian]


5. Gali, R. (2016). Status of Women Entreoreneurship in INDIA. Internatinal Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research. 5. 214-225.


6. Gharamaleki, H. (2019). The situation of women in the world and their role in the global economy. taken from: https://www.trt.net.tr/persian/thlyl-w-gzrsh/2015/03/11/wd-yt-znn-dr-jhn-w-nqsh-anh-dr-qtsd-jhny-259016


7. Gorman, G., Hanlon, D., & King, W. (1997). Some research perspectives on entrepreneurship education, enterprise education and education for small business management: A ten-year literature review. International Small Business Journal, 15, 56-77. doi:10.1177/0266242697153004


8. Hejazi, A., grandson, I., Abdul R., Behrangi, M. R., Zeinabadi, H. R. (1394). Identifying the factors influencing the development programs of entrepreneurship education in the Iranian higher education system (a framework for implementation and evaluation planning). Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 6 (21), 229-242. [in Persian]


9. Masinde, J. & Nassiuma, B. & Nangulu, A. (2017). Differential Effects of Gender Groups on Entrepreneurship in a Developing Country Context. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship. 5. 10.15640/jsbed.v5n2a8.


10. Momayez, A., Ghasemi, S. A., & Ghasemi, S. F. (2013), "Investigating Factors Affecting Women's Entrepreneurship Development", Technology Growth. Quarterly Journal of Parks and Growth Centers, Vol. 9, No. 35. [in Persian]


11. Movahedi, R., and SuleimanianBroujeni, J. (2016), "Investigating Effective Educational Practices in the Entrepreneurship Development of Rural Women". Journal of Entrepreneurship Strategies in Agriculture, Vol. 3, No. 6. [in Persian]


12. Najafi Hezar Jaribi, H. (1399). Exploring the competencies of educational entrepreneurs. Journal of New Approach in Educational Management, 11 (41), 68-95. [in Persian]


13. Neumeyer, X. & Corbett, A. (2017). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Weak Metaphor or Genuine Concept?. 10.1108/S1048-473620170000027005.


14. Omar, N. A. & Nazri, M. Az. & Aniza, C. (2015). Entrepreneurial Training of Low-Income Women Micro Enterprises in the Service Sector in Malaysia: Understanding the Problems and Challenges. Journal of Social and Development Sciences. 5. 245-257.


15. Panda, S. (2018). Constraints faced by women entrepreneurs in developing countries: review and ranking. Gender in Management: An International Journal. 33. 10.1108/GM-01-2017-0003.


16. Poonam K., Meenakshi Sh. (2013). Women Entrepreneurship Education Need for Today. Apeejay-Journal of Management Sciences and Technology (AJMST), 1 (1), 47.


17. RahmanianKooshkaki, M., Chizari, M., Abbasi, E. (2016). Analysis of Barriers to Entrepreneurship Education in Agricultural Applied Science Education Centers. Scientific-Research Quarterly New Approach in Educational Management, 7 (26), 112-132. [in Persian]


18. Roshania, D.; KhademiShahrivar & Qouti, S. (2014). Challenges and Social Barriers to Women's Entrepreneurship. Social, Economic, Scientific and Cultural Monthly of Labor and Society, No. 188, pp. 64-74


19. SafariDashtaki, M., Selajgeh, S. (2018). Investigating the relationship between cultural dimensions of Hofsted with the formation of policy networks in the public entrepreneurship education system of Iran. Scientific-Research Quarterly New Approach in Educational Management, 9 (36), 1-26. [in Persian]


20. Schneider, K. (2017). Promoting the Entrepreneurial Success of Women Entrepreneurs through Education and Training. Science Journal of Education, Science Journal of Education. DOI:10.11648/j.sjedu.20170502.13.


21. Sengupta, S. & Sahay, A. & Croce, F. (2018). Conceptualizing social entrepreneurship in the context of emerging economies: an integrative review of past research from BRIICS. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 14. 771-803. 10.1007/s11365-017-0483-2.


22. Yarmohammadzadeh, P., Mahdiun, R., Gholipour, S. (2019). Identifying the factors influencing the promotion of entrepreneurial culture in vocational, technical and vocational schools: Combined approach. Scientific-Research Quarterly New Approach in Educational Management, 10 (38), 35-56. [in Persian]


23. Yasoori, M, Emami, F, Moradi, M. (2014). Rural Women and Entrepreneurship (Case Study of Rural Women in Qasemabad Sofla, Rudsar). National Conference on Women and Sustainable Rural Development, Ministry of Science, Research and Technology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. [in Persian]