طراحی مدلی مفهومی برای ارتقا نقش مدرسه در ایجاد سرمایه ی اجتماعی دانش آموزان مقطع ابتدایی
محورهای موضوعی : آموزش و پرورششهریار احمدبیگی 1 , مصطفی اجتهادی 2 , اختر جمالی 3
1 - گروه مدیریت آموزشی،دانشکده ی مدیریت و اقتصاد، علوم و تحقیقات تهران،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران ،ایران
2 - دانشکده ی علوم انسانی،گروه علوم اجتماعی،دانشگاه شهید بهشتی،ایران
3 - دکترای پزشکی اجتماعی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،ستادمرکزی،تهران،ایران
کلید واژه: مدرسه, سرمایه ساختاری, سرمایه ی اجتماعی, سرمایه ارتباطی, سرمایه شناختی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش ارائه ی مدلی برای ارتقای نقش مدرسه درایجادسرمایه اجتماعی دانش آموزان مقطع ابتدایی شهر تهران- منطقه یک است. روش پژوهش ازنظرهدف کاربردی وازنظرنوع داده آمیخته بود. جامعه آماری بخش کیفی پژوهش شامل صاحب نظران آموزش وپرورش وافرادذی صلاح دارای پستهای اجرایی درزمینه مدیریت منابع انسانی بودندکه بااستفاده ازروش نمونهگیری هدفمندواصل اشباع ده نفربهعنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شد. گروه دوم ازجامعۀآماری این پژوهش، شامل معلمان مدارس غیرانتفاعی ودولتی درمقطع ابتدایی منطقه یک شهر تهران درسال تحصیلی 96-97 به تعداد 2695 نفربود. ازاین تعدادبااستفاده ازجدول مورگان وبه روش نمونه گیری طبقه ای نسبی،تعداد 400 نفربه عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شدند. دراین پژوهش به‌منظورگردآوری داده‌هاازروش کتابخانهای،مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته (بخش کیفی) وپرسشنامه محقق ساخته (بخش کمی) استفاده شد. مصاحبه باخبرگان بیانگرروابودن مصاحبه بودوبهمنظورمحاسبه پایایی از روش پایایی بین دو کدگذاراستفاده شدکه نتایج بیانگر پایاور وابودن مصاحبه بود. به منظوربررسی روایی پرسشنامه نیزاز روایی صوری، محتواوسازه استفاده شدو به منظور محاسبه پایایی آن نیزاز ضریب آلفای کرونباخ وپایایی ترکیبی استفاده شدکه نتایج بیانگررواوپایابودن پرسشنامه محقق ساخته بود. برای تحلیل دادههای کیفی پژوهش ازطریق تحلیل محتوااستفاده شد. دربخش کمّی نیزباتوجه به سؤالهای پژوهش ازروشهای آمارتوصیفی (میانگین،انحراف معیار،جداول توزیع فراوانی و نمودار) واستنباطی (مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری،تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی وآزمون تک نمونه‌ای) استفاده شد. نتایج نشان دادکه ارکان مدرسه درایجادسرمایه اجتماعی دانش آموزان شامل،معلم(0.51)،آموزش(0.53)،برنامه درسی(0.58)،مدیرمدرسه وکارکنان آموزشی(0.40) ومحیط مدرسه(0.51) بودند.
The aim of this study is to develop a model for promoting the role of school in creating social capital of elementary school students in Tehran-District 1. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data type, it was mixed method. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the research consisted of experts in education and people with executive posts in the field of human resources management. The sample was selected using purposeful sampling method and saturation principle of ten people. The second group of the statistical population of this study included 2695 teachers of non-profit and governmental schools in the elementary school district 1 of Tehran, in the academic year 2017-2018. Among them, 400 samples were selected using the Morgan table and by random stratified sampling method. In this research, the library method, semi-structured interview (qualitative part) and researcher-made questionnaire (quantitative part) were used to collect data. The interview with the experts indicated that the interview was valid, and two coders used to calculate the reliability. The results indicated that the interview was valid and reliable. In order to evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the face, content and construct validity were used. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and combined reliability were used. Results indicated that the researcher made a valid and reliable questionnaire. Content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data of the research. In the quantitative part, according to the research questions, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution tables and graphs) and inferential (structural equation modeling, exploratory factor analysis and single sample T-test) were used. The results showed that the school's factors to creating social capital of students were teacher(0.51), education(0.53), curriculum(0.58), school principal, educational staff(0.40) and school environment(0.51).
Alvani,S.M & Mirali,S.T.(2002).Social capital:concepts and theories.Journal of management studies.33 &34: 3 – 26.(in persian)
Chaharband,F.,(2009).Considering the role of basic education in knowdlege-based economy in Iran.University Allameh Tabatabaie.Tehran.(in persian)
Kheirandis,M. & Jamshidi.H.(2016).The effect of social capital on organizational Entrepereurship
Through job motivation mediation.managing social capital.3(1):43-68.
Zaker,Q.(2008).Social capital Paradox of Iranian graduates:Evaluating relationship Higher education and social capital in Iran.Journal of engineering training of Iran.40:51-52.
Seyed Nourani,S.M.,Sajadi,m,Forouzan.F.& Jahangard,F.(2015).Inquiring the role of education in creation of social capital in iran(1981-2011). Quarterly of Scientific-research of economic development and growth researches.31-44.
Shorakayi Ardakani,J.,Reyahinezhad.H. &Razaghi,H.(2011).Sanctioned law of High board of education.Tehran.School publication.
Shirkhani,A&Parchogani,K.(2015).Inquiring the role of educayion in institutionalizing Resilient economy.The fifth national development conferece in education and psychology,cultural and social studies.tehran.Center of the ways to reach to permanent development.Mehr e Arvand higher education Institution.
Allameh,S. &Ghorbanalizadeh,M.(2016).School social capital and felonious behaviors.The first conference on novel studies in social and economic sciences.
Kiamarsi,A&Momeni,S.(2013).Inquiring relashionship between social capital and happiness with academic achievement in high school girl students .journal of school psychology.5:119-130
Giurian,H&Dindarfarkoosh,f.(2011).inquiring relashionship between social capital and teacher effectiveness.Quarterly of educational leadership and management.5:137-145.
Mohammadimehr,M.,Maleki,H.,Abbaspoor,A. & Khoshdel,A.(2011).A study obout necessary qualifications for life-long learning in medicos.Iranian Journal in medical science.11(8):903-916.
Nazoktabar,H. &Veisi.R.(2008).Analyse of relation of social capital with children studing. Quarterly of Management and Development.68:121-149.
Ministry of Education(2011).Theoretical principles of fundamental evolution in farmal education system of Republic of Islamic of Iran. Tehtan.Ministrya of Education,Superb board of cultural revolution and Superb board of Education.
Amelia, M., & Impedovo, M. A. (2017). Managing Social and Human Capital in Organizations: Communities of Practices as Strategic Tools for Individual and Organizational Development. Journal of Workplace Learning.
Amiraslani, H., Lins, K. V., Servaes, H., & Tamayo, A. (2017). A matter of Trust? The bond market benefits of corporate social capital during the financial crisis.
Bailey, A. V. G. (2016). The Knowledge Effects of Founders' Human and Social Capital on Entrepreneurship (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).
Borish, D., King, N., & Dewey, C. (2017). Enhanced community capital from primary school feeding and agroforestry program in Kenya. International Journal of Educational Development, 52, 10-18.
Bourdieu, P. (2011). The forms of capital.(1986). Cultural theory: An anthology, 1, 81-93.
Burt, R. S. (1997). The contingent value of social capital. Administrative science quarterly, 339-365.
Chao, C. H. (2018). From People Management to Organization Competitiveness–A Case Analysis from Construction Industry.
Crul, M., Schneider, J., Keskiner, E., & Lelie, F. (2017). The multiplier effect: how the accumulation of cultural and social capital explains steep upward social mobility of children of low-educated immigrants. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(2), 321-338.
Dufur, M. J., Parcel, T. L., Hoffmann, J. P., & Braudt, D. B. (2016). ☆ Who has the advantage? Race and sex differences in returns to social capital at home and at school. Research in social stratification and mobility, 45, 27-40.
Ellinger, A. E., Musgrove, C. C. F., Ellinger, A. D., Bachrach, D. G., Baş, A. B. E., & Wang, Y. L. (2013). Influences of organizational investments in social capital on service employee commitment and performance. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1124-1133.
Freidus, A., & Noguera, P. A. (2017). Making Difference Matter: Teaching and Learning in Desegregated Classrooms. The Teacher Educator, 52(2), 99-113.
Ginsburg, L., Berta, W., Baumbusch, J., Dass, A. R., Laporte, A., Reid, R. C., ... & Taylor, D. (2016). Measuring Work Engagement, Psychological Empowerment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Among Health Care Aides. The Gerontologist, 56(2), e1-e11.
Granovetter, M. S. (1973). The strength of weak ties. American journal of sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380.
Hanselman, P., Grigg, J., K. Bruch, S., & Gamoran, A. (2016). The consequences of principal and teacher turnover for school social resources. In Family environments, school resources, and educational outcomes (pp. 49-89). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Harvey, J., Lévesque, M., & Donnelly, P. (2007). Sport volunteerism and social capital. Sociology of sport journal, 24(2), 206-223.
Huang, J., Van den Brink, H. M., & Groot, W. (2009). A meta-analysis of the effect of education on social capital. Economics of education review, 28(4), 454-464.
Jones, C. I., & Williams, J. C. (1998). Measuring the social return to R&D. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(4), 1119-1135.
Knack, S. (1999). Social capital and the quality of government: Evidence from the United States. The World Bank.
Lin, N. (2017). Building a network theory of social capital. In Social capital (pp. 3-28). Routledge.
Lins, K. V., Servaes, H., & Tamayo, A. (2017). Social capital, trust, and firm performance: The value of corporate social responsibility during the financial crisis. The Journal of Finance, 72(4), 1785-1824.
Nahapiiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998), Social capital, Intellectual capital & the organizational advantage, Academy of management Review, 23(2), 242-260.
Nag, P. T. (2017). The Critical Importance of Schools and School Leaders. In Lee Kuan Yew’s Educational Legacy (pp. 43-54). Springer Singapore.
Nolan, A., & Molla, T. (2017). Teacher confidence and professional capital. Teaching and teacher education, 62, 10-18.
Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. In Culture and politics (pp. 223-234). Palgrave Macmillan US.
Putnam, R. D. (2017). Education, diversity, social cohesion and ‘social capital’.
Putnam, R. D., & Helliwell, J. F. (1999). Education and social capital. National Bureau of Economic Research.
Saadatmand, S., & Ahmadi, S. (2017). The Relationship between the Hidden Curriculum and the Environmental Protection. Journal of Administrative Management, Education and Training, 13(1), 75-81.
Sainaghi, R., & Baggio, R. (2014). Structural social capital and hotel performance: Is there a link?. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 37, 99-110.
Salloum, S. J., Goddard, R. D., & Larsen, R. (2017). Social Capital in Schools: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis of the Equity of Its Distribution and Relation to Academic Achievement. Teachers College Record, 119(7), n7.
Sanchez-Famoso, V., Maseda, A., & Iturralde, T. (2017). Family involvement in top management team: Impact on relationships between internal social capital and innovation. Journal of Management & Organization, 23(1), 136-162.
Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Liden, R. C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. Academy of management journal, 44(2), 219-237.
Skinner, J., Zakus, D. H., & Cowell, J. (2008). Development through sport: Building social capital in disadvantaged communities. Sport management review, 11(3), 253-275.
Talmage, C. A., Peterson, C. B., & Knopf, R. C. (2017). Punk rock wisdom: An emancipative psychological social capital approach to community well-being. In Handbook of Community Well-Being Research (pp. 11-38). Springer Netherlands.
Turley, R. N. L., Gamoran, A., McCarty, A. T., & Fish, R. (2017). Reducing children’s behavior problems through social capital: A causal assessment. Social science research, 61, 206-217.
Whipple, J. M., Wiedmer, R., & K Boyer, K. (2015). A dyadic investigation of collaborative competence, social capital, and performance in buyer–supplier relationships. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 51(2), 3-21.
Zhang, J., Scardamalia, M., Reeve, R., & Messina, R. (2009). Designs for collective cognitive responsibility in knowledge-building communities. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 18(1), 7-44.
_||_