بررسی تأثیر اشتغال زنان بر رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای منتخب خاورمیانه
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر
1
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بابل)
هدیi رضایی روشن
2
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بابل)
کلید واژه: رشد اقتصادی, تولید ناخالص داخلی, اشتغال زنان,
چکیده مقاله :
زنان به عنوان یکی از گروه‌های مهم اجتماعی، ارتباط مؤثری با گروه‌های اجتماعی جامعه دارند. آن‌ها علاوه بر وظایف شخصی و خانوادگی، نقش فعالی را در پیشرفت‌های اجتماعی و توسعه پایدار آن ایفا می‌کنند.زنان در بخش‌های مختلف اقتصادی نیز، چرخ‌های اقتصاد کشور را به حرکت درآورده و در توسعه و رشد اقتصاد نقش عمده‌ای داشته‌اند.از این‌رو با توجه به اهمیت نقش زنان در رشد و توسعه‌ی اقتصادی کشورها، مقاله حاضر به دنبال بررسیتأثیراشتغالزنانبررشداقتصادی است.آمارهای مربوط به اشتغال زنان که شامل فعالیت زنان در بخش کشاورزی، صنعت و خدمات و همچنین رشداقتصادی (تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه)برگرفتهازبانک جهانیبا استفاده از رهیافت پنل دیتا مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. بدین‌ترتیب، یافته‌های تحقیق که براساس الگوی اقتصاد سنجی داده‌های تابلویی سیزده کشور خاورمیانه (اردن،ایران،عربستانسعودی،مصر،ترکیه،اسرائیل،اماراتمتحدهعربی،لبنان،کویت،عمان،عراق،بحرین،یمن) در 2010-2015 است، نشان می‌دهد که متغیرهای اشتغال زنان در تمام بخش‌های کشاورزی، صنعت و خدمات اثر مثبتو معنی‌داریبر رویتولید ناخالص داخلی سرانهداشتهاست.در واقع، فعالیت زنان در بخش‌های اقتصادی مذکور قادر به تبیین تغییرات تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه می‌باشند. بدین‌معنی که افزایش فعالیت و اشتغال زنان احتمال افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه را بالا می‌برد. بنابراین توجه به وضعیت اشتغال زنان و هدایت آنان به بازار کار می‌تواند زمینه رشد و توسعه را در عرصه‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی کشور فراهم آورد.
Achieving high economic growth rates can be considered as one of the major goals of any economic system that is independent of social, economic and cultural development.Considering the fact that women's employment in different sectors of the economy has driven the wheels of the country's economy and played a major role in the development and growth of the economy, it is very important to examine the role and position of women's employment in increasing the country's economic growth.In this study, women's employment statistics, including women's activities in the agricultural sector, industry and services, as well as economic growth (GDP per capita), were collected from the World Bank and analyzed using Eviews software.The findings of the researchbased on the econometric model of the panel data of the thirteen Middle Eastern countries (Jordan, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Lebanon, Kuwait, Oman, Iraq, Bahrain, Yemen) in 2010-2015, Shows that the variables of women's activity in all sectors of agriculture, industry and services have had a positive and significant effect on GDP per capita.The activity of women in the economic sectors is capable of explaining changes in GDP.This means that increasing the employment of women will increase the probability of GDP per capita.Therefore, consideration of women's employment status and their directing to the labor market can provide the basis for growth and development in the economic and social spheres of the country.
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