بررسی تأثیر اشتغال زنان بر رشد اقتصادی در کشورهای منتخب خاورمیانه
الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
علی اصغر عباسی اسفجیر
1
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بابل)
هدیi رضایی روشن
2
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بابل)
الکلمات المفتاحية: رشد اقتصادی, تولید ناخالص داخلی, اشتغال زنان,
ملخص المقالة :
زنان به عنوان یکی از گروه‌های مهم اجتماعی، ارتباط مؤثری با گروه‌های اجتماعی جامعه دارند. آن‌ها علاوه بر وظایف شخصی و خانوادگی، نقش فعالی را در پیشرفت‌های اجتماعی و توسعه پایدار آن ایفا می‌کنند.زنان در بخش‌های مختلف اقتصادی نیز، چرخ‌های اقتصاد کشور را به حرکت درآورده و در توسعه و رشد اقتصاد نقش عمده‌ای داشته‌اند.از این‌رو با توجه به اهمیت نقش زنان در رشد و توسعه‌ی اقتصادی کشورها، مقاله حاضر به دنبال بررسیتأثیراشتغالزنانبررشداقتصادی است.آمارهای مربوط به اشتغال زنان که شامل فعالیت زنان در بخش کشاورزی، صنعت و خدمات و همچنین رشداقتصادی (تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه)برگرفتهازبانک جهانیبا استفاده از رهیافت پنل دیتا مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. بدین‌ترتیب، یافته‌های تحقیق که براساس الگوی اقتصاد سنجی داده‌های تابلویی سیزده کشور خاورمیانه (اردن،ایران،عربستانسعودی،مصر،ترکیه،اسرائیل،اماراتمتحدهعربی،لبنان،کویت،عمان،عراق،بحرین،یمن) در 2010-2015 است، نشان می‌دهد که متغیرهای اشتغال زنان در تمام بخش‌های کشاورزی، صنعت و خدمات اثر مثبتو معنی‌داریبر رویتولید ناخالص داخلی سرانهداشتهاست.در واقع، فعالیت زنان در بخش‌های اقتصادی مذکور قادر به تبیین تغییرات تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه می‌باشند. بدین‌معنی که افزایش فعالیت و اشتغال زنان احتمال افزایش تولید ناخالص داخلی سرانه را بالا می‌برد. بنابراین توجه به وضعیت اشتغال زنان و هدایت آنان به بازار کار می‌تواند زمینه رشد و توسعه را در عرصه‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی کشور فراهم آورد.
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