عوامل و زمینه های احساس تنهایی زنان (یک مطالعه پدیدارشناسی)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

نازیلا ابراهیمی ¹ (دانشجوی دکترای مشاوره)
محمد حسین فلاح ² (عضو هیئت علمی و استادیار روانشناسی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی یزد، یزد، ایران)
سیامک سامانی ³ (عضو هیئت علمی و دانشیار علوم تربیتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شیراز، شیراز، ایران)
سعید وزیری ⁴ (عضو هیئت علمی و استادیار علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد یزد)

تاریخ دریافت : 1398/04/25 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/12/11 تاریخ انتشار : 1399/02/01

کلید واژه: پدیدارشناسی, احساس تنهایی, عوامل, زمینه,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف این پژوهش دستیابی به عوامل و زمینه های احساس تنهایی زنان به قصد شناخت عمیق این پدیده بود. این مطالعه به شیوه کیفی به روش پدیدارشناسی و با نمونه گیری هدفمند و توسط مصاحبه گر بصورت نیمه ساختار یافته و با 98 نفر از زنان متأهل، مطلقه و مجرد بین سنین 55-30 و در سال 98-1397 در شهر شیراز صورت گرفت. مصاحبه ها ثبت و سپس یادداشت و به روش هفت مرحله ای کلایزی (Colaizzi, 1987) تجزیه و تحلیل، روایی و اعتبار یابی شد. یافته های حاصل از عوامل و زمینه های احساس تنهایی زنان در 11 مضمون اصلی و 38 مضمون فرعی که در آن علت احساس تنهایی زنان شامل 4 مضمون اصلی و عبارتند از: ناهمخوانی با همسر، عدم مهارتهای ارتباطی ، فقدان حمایت، ضعف همدلی و زمینه احساس تنهایی شامل 7 مضمون اصلی که عبارتند از: خانواده نامتعادل، تصور از خدا، اختلالات خُلقی و موقعیتی، مشکلات جسمی، ناکارآمدی شناختی-هیجانی، عزت نفس ضعیف و تنظیم شناختی مثبت، یافت شد. یافته های مطالعه می تواند تصویری روشن از تجربه افرادی که احساس تنهایی دارند ارائه دهد تا در مقابل بتواند جهت راهکارهای مقابله ای مفید واقع شود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The aim of this research was to achieve the cause and grounds of loneliness of women for deep recognition of this phenomenon. This study was carried out in a qualitative way to the phenomenological method and with purposeful sampling, to collect data from the semi-structured interview of women between the ages 30-55 years old, they included 98 married, divorced and bachelor women in Shiraz city in 2018-2019. The interviews were recorded and then analyzed and analyzed in a seven-step Colaizzi (1987) method. Findings from the factors and fields of loneliness were summarized in 11 main themes and also with 38 sub themes. The factors include 4 main themes: Non consonantal with wife, lake of communication skills, lack of support, weakness of empathy, and the grounds include 7 main themes: Unbalanced family, the imagine of God, mood disorders and the situation, physical problems, emotional cognitive inefficacy, weak self-esteem and positive cognitive regulation. The study findings can provide a clear picture of the experience of women who feel lonely so that that they can advantageous to address them

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