تحلیل جامعه شناختی از نابرابری جنسیتی در ورزش( از منظر زنان ورزشکار قهرمان ملی)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعهاکبر طالب پور 1 , معصومه نظری آزاد 2 , مجید کاشانی 3
1 - دانشیار گروه جامعه شناسی دانشگاه الزهرا ، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی دوره‌ی دکتری جامعه شناسی ورزش، دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران،ایران
3 - استادیار جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران،ایران
کلید واژه: تحلیل مسیر, ورزش, نابرابری جنسیتی, زنان ورزشکار,
چکیده مقاله :
نابرابری جنسیتی یکی از نابرابری هایی است که در جهان بطور اعم و در ایران بطور اخص زنان از آن رنج می برند، این نابرابری در ورزش دو چندان تشدید شده و تأثیر نامطلوبی بر ورزش بانوان داشته است. تحقیق حاضر با استفاده از تئوری های؛ جامعه‌پذیری جنسیت ، نابرابری‌های جنسیتی، جامعه‌شناسی در قالب هوشیاری سی رایت میلز، نظریه تضاد کالینز، نظریه نابرابری جنسیتی بلوم برگ، نظریه نابرابری جنسیتی چافتز، نظریه‌های کلیشه‌های جنسیتی و نظریه موانع فیزیولوژیکی به یک مدل تحلیلی برای تبیین نابرابری جنسیتی در ورزش ایران رسیده است. بر اساس مدل نظری تحقیق متغیرهای مستقل؛ پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی ، ارزش‌ها و هنجارهای اجتماعی ،الگوپذیری از والدین، نوع فعالیت ورزشی زنان ، تحصیلات زنان ،استفاده از رسانه‌ها بر متغیر وابسته نابرابری جنسیتی در ورزش تأثیر داشته اند. روش تحقیق پژوهش حاضر استفاده از شیوه پیمایشی در میان زنان ورزشکار در سطح ملی و بین المللی بعنوان جامعه آماری بود ، تعداد 200نفر از این افراد بعنوان نمونه آماری با استفاده از نمونه گیری تصادفی انتخاب شدند. ابزار سنجش تحقیق پرسشنامه بود که پایایی آن با استفاده آلفای کرونباخ تأیید گردید. یافته های تحقیق از طریق تحلیل رگرسیون چندگانه و تحلیل مسیر مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند، نتایج تحلیل رگسیون چندگانه نشان دادند؛ متغیرهای ؛ پایگاه اجتماعی- اقتصادی ، ارزش‌ها و هنجارهای اجتماعی ، الگوپذیری از والدین ، تحصیلات زنان و استفاده از رسانه‌ها به ترتیب بیشترین تأثیر را بر متغیر وابسته تحقیق داشته و در مجموع بیش از 48 درصد از تغییرات متغیر تابع را تبیین نموده اند.
Gender inequality is one of the inequalities that women suffer in the world in general and in Iran in particular. The present study uses theories in this field such as theories; gender socialization, gender inequalities, sociology in the form of consciousness of the thirty Wright Mills, Collins Contradiction Theory, Bloomberg Gender Inequality Theory, Chapters Gender Equality Theory, Gender Equity Theory and Physiological Barriers Theory is based on an analytical model to explain the perception of gender inequality in sport. Based on research model, independent variables, socio- Economic, values and norms Social, pattern of parents, type of exercise, women, women's education, using the media as dependent variables affecting the perception of inequality in sports were selected. The method of this study was to use a survey method among female athletes at the national and transnational level as a statistical population. 200 of them were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling. The research instrument was a questionnaire and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha. The findings of the research were analyzed using multiple regression analysis and path analysis. Results of multiple regression analysis showed variables; socio-economic status, social values and norms, parental modeling, women's education and media use respectively The most effect on the dependent variable has been investigated and, in total, more than 48% of the variations of the function variable have been explained.
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