بررسی اثر توسعه فضای مجازی بر مشارکت زنان در اقتصاد ایران (مطالعه‌ی موردی اشتغال زنان و نرخ باروری)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
امیر حسین مزینی
1
(دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.)
بهرام سحابی
2
(دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم اقتصادی دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.)
مهرفام ممالکی
3
(دانش‌آموخته‌ی کارشناسی ارشد علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.)
کلید واژه: اقتصاد ایران, فضای مجازی, اشتغال زنان, نرخ باروری,
چکیده مقاله :
جامعهی ایران طی دهه‌های گذشته تحت تأثیر جهانی شدن و گسترش فناوری‌های نوین قرار گرفته است. در جریان این تأثیرگذاری‌ها، دگرگونی‌هایی در ابعاد زندگی مردم بهوجود آمده است که مواردی چون کاهش شکاف جنسیتی، افزایش نرخ مشارکت زنان، کاهش نرخ باروری از تبعات آن دانسته شده است. در این راستا ارتباط فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (فاوا) و شدّت تغییرات آن بر جامعه جهت سیاست‌گذاری‌های آینده می‌تواند بسیار مهم باشد که می‌توان به ارتباطات میان باروری-فاوا و اشتغال-فاوا (در ارتباط با زنان) اشاره نمود. در این مطالعه به بررسی اثر توسعهی فضای مجازی بر اشتغال زنان و نرخ باروری در ایران، با استفاده از داده‌های استانی و روش داده‌های ترکیبی (تلفیقی) در چارچوب معادلات همزمان به روش حداقل مربعات دو مرحله‌ای برای دورهی زمانی 1393-1387 پرداخته شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بین نرخ‌های باروری و مشارکت زنان رابطه‌ای معکوس وجود دارد و با گسترش فضای مجازی، نرخ مشارکت زنان افزایش می‌یابد؛ اما گسترش فضای مجازی بر خلاف انتظار، بر نرخ باروری تأثیر مثبت و معناداری داشته‌است. در علت‌یابی این موضوع می‌توان به شرایط اجتماعی حاکم بر کشور و قابلیت‌های فاوا در تسهیل فرزندآوری اشاره نمود.
Iran has been increasingly affected by the process of globalization and developments of new technologies in recent decades. In the course of these influences, changes in the lifestyles of the people and other dimensions of their lives have been created. The reduction of gender gap, the increase of the rate of women’s participation, and the reduction of fertility rates, etc. can be considered as its consequences. Therefore, the study of this relationship of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and its changes and severity for future policies can be very important, including the link between fertility and ICT and employment and ICT. This study examines the cyberspace deployment effect on women’s employment and fertility rate in Iran’s economy. Hence, the data of 30 provinces in the period of 1387-1393 applying pooled-panel data within the framework of simultaneous equations using two-stage least squares were analysed. The results revealed that there is a reverse relationship between fertility rate and women’s labor force participation rate and by increasing the ICT development index, women’s labor force participation rate increases. But cyberspace development, contrary to the expectations, has had a positive and significant effect on the fertility rate. In determining this, one can refer to the social conditions governing the country and the ICT capabilities in facilitating child-rearing.
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