بررسی اثر توسعه فضای مجازی بر مشارکت زنان در اقتصاد ایران (مطالعهی موردی اشتغال زنان و نرخ باروری)
الموضوعات : فصلنامه زن و جامعهامیر حسین مزینی 1 , بهرام سحابی 2 , مهرفام ممالکی 3
1 - دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
2 - دانشیار و عضو هیئت علمی گروه علوم اقتصادی دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس.
3 - دانشآموختهی کارشناسی ارشد علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
الکلمات المفتاحية: اقتصاد ایران, فضای مجازی, اشتغال زنان, نرخ باروری,
ملخص المقالة :
جامعهی ایران طی دهههای گذشته تحت تأثیر جهانی شدن و گسترش فناوریهای نوین قرار گرفته است. در جریان این تأثیرگذاریها، دگرگونیهایی در ابعاد زندگی مردم بهوجود آمده است که مواردی چون کاهش شکاف جنسیتی، افزایش نرخ مشارکت زنان، کاهش نرخ باروری از تبعات آن دانسته شده است. در این راستا ارتباط فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات (فاوا) و شدّت تغییرات آن بر جامعه جهت سیاستگذاریهای آینده میتواند بسیار مهم باشد که میتوان به ارتباطات میان باروری-فاوا و اشتغال-فاوا (در ارتباط با زنان) اشاره نمود. در این مطالعه به بررسی اثر توسعهی فضای مجازی بر اشتغال زنان و نرخ باروری در ایران، با استفاده از دادههای استانی و روش دادههای ترکیبی (تلفیقی) در چارچوب معادلات همزمان به روش حداقل مربعات دو مرحلهای برای دورهی زمانی 1393-1387 پرداخته شده است. نتایج نشان میدهد که بین نرخهای باروری و مشارکت زنان رابطهای معکوس وجود دارد و با گسترش فضای مجازی، نرخ مشارکت زنان افزایش مییابد؛ اما گسترش فضای مجازی بر خلاف انتظار، بر نرخ باروری تأثیر مثبت و معناداری داشتهاست. در علتیابی این موضوع میتوان به شرایط اجتماعی حاکم بر کشور و قابلیتهای فاوا در تسهیل فرزندآوری اشاره نمود.
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