بررسی نقش میانجی عزت نفس و ریسک پذیری در تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر خود اشتغالی زنان روستایی

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

محمد بادسار ¹ (دکترای توسعه روستایی، استادیار گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی دانشگاه زنجان)
شیرین سلطانی ² (کارشناسی ارشد توسعه روستایی دانشگاه زنجان)
مهدی قاسمی ³ (دانشجوی دکتری توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه زنجان)

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/11/09 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/11/01

کلید واژه: استان زنجان, زنان روستایی, عزت نفس, خود اشتغالی, ریسک پذیری,

چکیده مقاله :

امروزه یکی از معیارهای مهم برای سنجش درجه­ی توسعه یافتگی یک کشور، سطح اشتغال زنان است. بنابراین توجه بیشتر به اشتغال زنان منجر به استفاده­ی بهتر از این ظرفیت بالقوه در جامعه می‌شود. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر خود اشتغالی زنان روستایی انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری این پژوهش شامل زنان روستایی استان زنجان بودند که با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای تعداد 200 نفر از آنان انتخاب شد (که تنها 188 پرسش­نامه قابل استفاده بود). ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها در این پژوهش، پرسش­نامه بود. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به­وسیله­ی نرم افزارهای SPSS₂₀  و AMOS₂₀ انجام شد. داده­های گردآوری شده با استفاده از تکنیک مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری تجزیه و تحلیل گردید. نتایج مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری با روش برآورد بیزی نشان داد: شرایط اقتصادی، شرایط اجتماعی، دوره‌های آموزشی و ترویجی، دارای اثر مستقیم معنی داری بر خوداشتغالی زنان روستایی هستند. همچنین، بر اساس نتایج مدل ساختاری میانجی مشخص شد که متغیر عزت نفس و ریسک‌پذیری در رابطه­ی بین متغیرهای شرایط اقتصادی و اجتماعی دارای نقش میانجی جزئی بوده و متغیر ریسک‌پذیری از نقش میانجی کلی در رابطه­ بین دوره‌های آموزشی ترویجی بر خوداشتغالی زنان روستایی برخوردار است. به­طور کلی مهیا بودن شرایط اقتصادی، اجتماعی و برگزاری برنامه‌های آموزشی و ترویجی متناسب همراه با تقویت قابلیت‌های فردی مانند عزت نفس و ریسک‌پذیری می‌تواند زمینه ساز توسعه­ی خوداشتغالی در میان زنان روستایی باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Nowadays one of the most important criteria for assessing the degree of development of a country is the level of women's employment. Therefore, more attention to women's employment leads to better use of this potential capacity in society. This study has been conducted with the aim of investigation factors influencing rural women's self-employment. The population of this study was including rural women in Zanjan Province that 200 of them were selected by using cluster sampling method (only 188 questionnaires were usable). A questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed by using SPSS20 and AMOS20 software. The collected data was analyzed using structural equation modeling multivariate technique. The results based on direct structural model with Bayesian estimation method showed that economic conditions, social conditions and education and extension courses had a significant direct effect on rural women's self-employment. Also, the result based on the mediation structural model showed that self-esteem and risk taking variables had a partial mediation on the relationship between economic conditions and social conditions with rural women's self-employment, and risk taking variable had a full mediation on the relationship between extension and educational courses with rural women's self-employment. Generally availability of economic and social conditions and conducting appropriate educational and extension programs along with strengthening individual capabilities such as self-esteem and risk-taking can be the basis for self-employment development among rural women.

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