نگاهی گفتمانی به برساخت مفهوم ازدواج در ایران قبل از انقلاب با تاکید بر برساخت «زن مطلوب»
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
سید علی اصغر سلطانی
1
(هیئت علمی)
سیده فاطمه آقامیری
2
(دانشجو دکترا)
کلید واژه: ازدواج, تحلیل گفتمان, ایران پیش از انقلاب, زن مطلوب,
چکیده مقاله :
در دورهی پهلوی (1941- 1979) در ایران جریانات مدرنیته و تلاش‌های فمینیستی در تقابل با اندیشه‌های روحانیت و همچنین روشن‌فکری دینی قرار گرفتند. در این مقاله نویسندگان با نگاهی گفتمانی، چهار کتاب قبل از انقلاب را انتخاب کردند تا به این سؤالات پاسخ دهند که چه گفتمان‌هایی از ازدواج و زن مطلوب برای ازدواج در آن دوره وجود داشته است و آیا تغییرات اجتماعی و فرهنگی بر گفتمان ازدواج هم تأثیر داشته‌اند یا خیر. برای بررسی این متون، از نظریهی گفتمان لاکلاو و موفه (1985) و نشانه‌شناسی گفتمانی (Soltani, 2015) به‌‌مثابهی چارچوب نظری و روش استفاده شد. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که گفتمان دینی اسلامی با نگاهی ذات‌گرایانه به ازدواج، تولید مثل را از اهداف مهم در آن می‌داند و زن مطلوب را برای ازدواج، زنی قلمداد می‌کند که خویشتندار، لطیف، تأمین‌کنندهی نیاز جنسی مرد و مادری فداکاری باشد. به‌علاوه، گفتمان عمومی نیز نگاهی ذات‌گریانه به امر ازدواج داشته است و زن مطلوب را زنی زیبا، باوقار و رئیس خانه می‌داند. این دو گفتمان تنها تحت‌تأثیر گفتمان روحانیت هستند.
The process of modernization and the resulting feminist social activities during the Pahlavi period in Iran (1941-1979) were confronted with the clerical thoughts and religious intellectualism. In this paper, the writers have selected four books on marriage written before the 1979 Islamic revolution and adopted a discourse analytical approach to identify the discourses on marriage and the features of an ideal woman for marriage at that time. The paper also is to answer the question whether socio-cultural changes of the time affected the discourses on marriage or not. To study the texts, Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse theory (1985) and the discourse semiotics methodology developed by Soltani (2013) were used as the theoretical framework. The findings show that the Islamic and religious discourse on marriage is rooted in an essentialist view of the concept of marriage and have considered “reproduction” as of one of the important goals of marriage. In addition, this discourse assumes an ideal woman for marriage to be self-controlled, sensitive and emotional, satisfier of men’s sexual needs, and a dedicated mother. Furthermore, the public discourse on marriage is also based on an essentialist view of marriage and characterizes an ideal woman as beautiful, dignified and a boss at home. Both of the discourses were heavily under the influence of the Islamic discourse and clerical thoughts common at that time in Iran.
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