ارزیابی الگوی سیاست‌گذاری مسکن بی خانمان ها(ساکنان مسکن نامناسب) در ایران

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری

ابوالفضل مشکینی ¹ (دانشیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران)
الهه شاکری منصور ² (جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری،دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، ایران)
سید علی علوی ³ (جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری،دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/01/03 تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/10/12 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/05/01

کلید واژه: ایران, بی خانمانی, مسکن نامناسب, سیاست های راهبردی, برنامه های تامین مسکن,

چکیده مقاله :

مسکن و تامین آن برای گروه های کم درآمد از جمله مسائلی بوده که در کشور ما دارای سابقه ای بسیار طولانی است. با وجود چندین دهه سیاست گذاری و برنامه ریزی برای تامین مسکن گروه های کم درآمد تغییر نگرش سیاسی در هر دوره سبب گردیده که سیاست گذاری یکپارچه و منسجمی برای حل این مسئله شکل نگیرد. هدف این پژوهش ابتدا تعریف مفهوم بی خانمانی مدنظر فارغ از مفهوم کارتن خواب و امثالهم و سپس تبیین یک الگوی سیاست‌گذاری مشخص و جامع‌نگر برای برنامه‌ریزی مسکن گروه‌های فوق با استفاده از رویکرد ترکیبی (سیاست گذاری راهبردی) می باشد. این پژوهش با بهره گیری از روش تحلیل محتوا ابتدا ابعاد سیاست راهبردی شامل (چشم انداز مشخص، ظرفیت تفکر راهبردی، جهت گیری های سازمانی) و هر یک از شاخص های آن را تعیین و سپس از طریق پرسشنامه هر یک از برنامه‌های هفت گانه تامین مسکن شامل برنامه واگذاری انفرادی زمین، آماده‌سازی زمین، شهرهای جدید، ساخت و عرضه واحدهای مسکونی استیجاری، مسکن مهر،سامان‌دهی و توانمندسازی سکونتگاه‌های غیررسمی و بازآفرینی و نوسازی بافت‌های فرسوده و ناکارآمد شهری توسط 20 نفر از متخصصین و اساتید حوزه مسکن با استفاده از آزمون(T تک نمونه ای) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته اند. نتایج حاصل از این ارزیابی حاکی از این است که از دیدگاه خبرگان هیچ یک از این هفت برنامه مسکن از ویژگی های سیاست گذاری راهبردی پیروی ننموده اند و در سطح پایینی قرار دارند.در شاخص های آینده نگری، واقع گرایی، هماهنگی با سیاست های بخش های دیگر و هماهنگی با اسناد فرادست برنامه های (آماده سازی زمین و واگذاری زمین)؛ در شاخص های جامع نگری، ارزش گرایی، سطح تصمیم گیری برنامه (آماده سازی زمین)؛ در شاخص ساختار تصمیم گیری برنامه(واگذاری زمین) کمترین میزان تبعیت از شاخص های سیاست های راهبردی را به خود اختصاص داده اند که این مسئله منجر به تداوم مسئله بی خانمانی در کشور شده است. در نهایت برای برون-رفت از این چالش پیروی و تبعیت از الگوی سیاست گذاری راهبردی مسکن بی خانمان ها در نظام سیاست گذاری مسکن کشور پیشنهاد می گردد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Despite several decades of planning and policy-making to supply housing for low-income groups, changes in political attitudes in each period prevented forming integrated and coherent policy-making to solve this problem. The goal of this study is initially to define homelessness concept regardless of homelessness (absolute homelessness) and other related concepts and then to explain a specific and comprehensive policy-making for housing planning of aforementioned groups by combinational approach (strategic policy-making). The research employed content analysis to determine dimensions of the strategic policy (specific perspective, strategic thinking capacity, organizational orientation) and its indices and all of seven housing supplying program including individual land allocating program, land preparation, new urban, building and supplying rental housing units, Mehr housing, regularizing and empowerment of informal settlements and rehabilitation and renovation of old and urban inefficiency assessed via 20 experts in housing field through one-sample T-test. Results indicate that none of the seven housing planning followed the strategic policy-making characteristics and were at low level from experts' view. In the indicators of foresight, realism, coordination with the policies of other sectors and coordination with the superior documents (land preparation and land assignment); In the indicators of holistic view, value orientation, level of plan decision making (land preparation); In the index of decision-making structure of the plan (land assignment) have the lowest level of compliance with the indicators of strategic policies, which has led to the continuation of the problem of homelessness in the country. Finally, following the strategic policymaking for homeless housing is proposed to exit from such challenge.

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